• Summing-Junction Snooping

    From Phil Hobbs@3:633/10 to All on Thursday, January 29, 2026 13:01:31
    Hi, all,

    I'm doing a high-accuracy version of the laser noise canceller <https://electrooptical.net/www/canceller/WithoutTears.pdf>.

    In particular, to get better cancellation accuracy, I want to get rid of
    the input offset voltages of a couple of op amps.

    One approach to this is to use a chopamp integrator to snoop the summing junction, and dork the noninverting input to force the summing junction
    to average 0.00000V.

    This is nice conceptually, but there are a couple of worries:

    1. Chopamps kick out nasty switching spikes, which will have to be
    decoupled sufficiently well.

    2. Weird-ass composite amplifiers always have weird settling behavior.

    I haven't done this lately, but I'm thinking of a TLV2333.

    Any wisdom?

    Thanks

    Phil Hobbs

    --
    Dr Philip C D Hobbs
    Principal Consultant
    ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics
    Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
    Briarcliff Manor NY 10510

    http://electrooptical.net
    http://hobbs-eo.com


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.6
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From john larkin@3:633/10 to All on Thursday, January 29, 2026 11:09:41
    On Thu, 29 Jan 2026 13:01:31 -0500, Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    Hi, all,

    I'm doing a high-accuracy version of the laser noise canceller ><https://electrooptical.net/www/canceller/WithoutTears.pdf>.

    In particular, to get better cancellation accuracy, I want to get rid of
    the input offset voltages of a couple of op amps.

    One approach to this is to use a chopamp integrator to snoop the summing >junction, and dork the noninverting input to force the summing junction
    to average 0.00000V.

    This is nice conceptually, but there are a couple of worries:

    1. Chopamps kick out nasty switching spikes, which will have to be
    decoupled sufficiently well.

    2. Weird-ass composite amplifiers always have weird settling behavior.

    I haven't done this lately, but I'm thinking of a TLV2333.

    Any wisdom?

    Thanks

    Phil Hobbs

    Would the Johnson noise of a resistor wreck the input, like if you
    lowpass filter the summing junction into the offset servo?

    Can you do anything useful with the other end of the photodiode? Seems
    a shame to waste that current.

    I just finished a 4-layer double-sided-parts pcb layout and discovered
    that I forgot to include the threshold generator circuit. I can
    squeeze in the parts somewhere but routing will be nasty.


    John Larkin
    Highland Tech Glen Canyon Design Center
    Lunatic Fringe Electronics

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.6
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Phil Hobbs@3:633/10 to All on Thursday, January 29, 2026 20:01:27
    john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> wrote:
    On Thu, 29 Jan 2026 13:01:31 -0500, Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    Hi, all,

    I'm doing a high-accuracy version of the laser noise canceller
    <https://electrooptical.net/www/canceller/WithoutTears.pdf>.

    In particular, to get better cancellation accuracy, I want to get rid of
    the input offset voltages of a couple of op amps.

    One approach to this is to use a chopamp integrator to snoop the summing
    junction, and dork the noninverting input to force the summing junction
    to average 0.00000V.

    This is nice conceptually, but there are a couple of worries:

    1. Chopamps kick out nasty switching spikes, which will have to be
    decoupled sufficiently well.

    2. Weird-ass composite amplifiers always have weird settling behavior.

    I haven't done this lately, but I'm thinking of a TLV2333.

    Any wisdom?

    Thanks


    Would the Johnson noise of a resistor wreck the input, like if you
    lowpass filter the summing junction into the offset servo?

    The TIA stage is an AD825 with an LMH6321 buffer and a 5k feedback
    resistor. A 200k resistor from the SJ to the chopamp won?t perturb that
    much, and I?ll probably split it in half, with 1nF or to ground just to
    make sure.

    The chopamp runs on +-2.5V and the AD825?s Vos range is +-5mV over
    temperature, so I?ll put a 200:1 voltage divider to match the ranges
    better. Hopefully that?ll reduce the transient funnies to a tolerable
    level.



    Can you do anything useful with the other end of the photodiode? Seems
    a shame to waste that current.

    The other end goes to a DC-coupled bootstrap. That keeps the load impedance stable, which avoids AC cancellation errors due to different RC time
    constants.


    I just finished a 4-layer double-sided-parts pcb layout and discovered
    that I forgot to include the threshold generator circuit. I can
    squeeze in the parts somewhere but routing will be nasty.


    Blech, I admire your patience. Simon teases me that my circuits have everything connected to everything else, by traces that all have to be
    short. ;)

    Cheers

    Phil Hobbs

    John Larkin
    Highland Tech Glen Canyon Design Center
    Lunatic Fringe Electronics




    --
    Dr Philip C D Hobbs Principal Consultant ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.6
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From john larkin@3:633/10 to All on Thursday, January 29, 2026 12:29:30
    On Thu, 29 Jan 2026 20:01:27 -0000 (UTC), Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> wrote:
    On Thu, 29 Jan 2026 13:01:31 -0500, Phil Hobbs
    <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    Hi, all,

    I'm doing a high-accuracy version of the laser noise canceller
    <https://electrooptical.net/www/canceller/WithoutTears.pdf>.

    In particular, to get better cancellation accuracy, I want to get rid of >>> the input offset voltages of a couple of op amps.

    One approach to this is to use a chopamp integrator to snoop the summing >>> junction, and dork the noninverting input to force the summing junction >>> to average 0.00000V.

    This is nice conceptually, but there are a couple of worries:

    1. Chopamps kick out nasty switching spikes, which will have to be
    decoupled sufficiently well.

    2. Weird-ass composite amplifiers always have weird settling behavior.

    I haven't done this lately, but I'm thinking of a TLV2333.

    Any wisdom?

    Thanks


    Would the Johnson noise of a resistor wreck the input, like if you
    lowpass filter the summing junction into the offset servo?

    The TIA stage is an AD825 with an LMH6321 buffer and a 5k feedback
    resistor. A 200k resistor from the SJ to the chopamp won?t perturb that >much, and I?ll probably split it in half, with 1nF or to ground just to
    make sure.

    The chopamp runs on +-2.5V and the AD825?s Vos range is +-5mV over >temperature, so I?ll put a 200:1 voltage divider to match the ranges
    better. Hopefully that?ll reduce the transient funnies to a tolerable
    level.



    Can you do anything useful with the other end of the photodiode? Seems
    a shame to waste that current.

    The other end goes to a DC-coupled bootstrap. That keeps the load impedance >stable, which avoids AC cancellation errors due to different RC time >constants.


    I just finished a 4-layer double-sided-parts pcb layout and discovered
    that I forgot to include the threshold generator circuit. I can
    squeeze in the parts somewhere but routing will be nasty.


    Blech, I admire your patience. Simon teases me that my circuits have >everything connected to everything else, by traces that all have to be
    short. ;)

    Cheers

    Phil Hobbs

    John Larkin
    Highland Tech Glen Canyon Design Center
    Lunatic Fringe Electronics


    Our visitor lady yesterday is an EE grad student at Georgia Tech.
    Someone mentioned thermal issues on PCBs and we had to explain what
    that meant.

    Interns come in not knowing anything about thermals or packaging or
    assembly drawings... how electronics is actually done.

    Picosecond electronics needs tiny parts that run at high currents and
    get hot. Simon should be grateful that he doesn't have to deal with
    that too.


    John Larkin
    Highland Tech Glen Canyon Design Center
    Lunatic Fringe Electronics

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.6
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Liz Tuddenham@3:633/10 to All on Thursday, January 29, 2026 20:32:59
    Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    Hi, all,

    I'm doing a high-accuracy version of the laser noise canceller <https://electrooptical.net/www/canceller/WithoutTears.pdf>.

    In particular, to get better cancellation accuracy, I want to get rid of
    the input offset voltages of a couple of op amps.

    One approach to this is to use a chopamp integrator to snoop the summing junction, and dork the noninverting input to force the summing junction
    to average 0.00000V.

    This is nice conceptually, but there are a couple of worries:

    1. Chopamps kick out nasty switching spikes, which will have to be
    decoupled sufficiently well.

    2. Weird-ass composite amplifiers always have weird settling behavior.

    I haven't done this lately, but I'm thinking of a TLV2333.

    Any wisdom?

    At that level of accuracy, beware thermocouple effects.

    If you are compensating a slow drift in offset, chop slowly and
    sinusoidally, then the 'spikes' will matter less.


    --
    ~ Liz Tuddenham ~
    (Remove the ".invalid"s and add ".co.uk" to reply)
    www.poppyrecords.co.uk

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.6
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Phil Hobbs@3:633/10 to All on Thursday, January 29, 2026 16:24:19
    On 2026-01-29 15:32, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    Hi, all,

    I'm doing a high-accuracy version of the laser noise canceller
    <https://electrooptical.net/www/canceller/WithoutTears.pdf>.

    In particular, to get better cancellation accuracy, I want to get
    rid of the input offset voltages of a couple of op amps.

    One approach to this is to use a chopamp integrator to snoop the
    summing junction, and dork the noninverting input to force the
    summing junction to average 0.00000V.

    This is nice conceptually, but there are a couple of worries:

    1. Chopamps kick out nasty switching spikes, which will have to be
    decoupled sufficiently well.

    2. Weird-ass composite amplifiers always have weird settling
    behavior.

    I haven't done this lately, but I'm thinking of a TLV2333.

    Any wisdom?

    At that level of accuracy, beware thermocouple effects.

    It's all on one board, and the power level is low, so that shouldn't be
    a huge issue, I don't think. Gradients on the board should be way under
    1K in the quarter-inch or so separating the two amps. I'll certainly
    put the power buffer some distance away.

    If you are compensating a slow drift in offset, chop slowly and sinusoidally, then the 'spikes' will matter less.

    I'm not the one doing the chopping--the spikes come from the CMOS
    switches inside the chopamp.

    The noise canceller works by splitting a larger photocurrent using a BJT
    diff pair, and adjusting the split ratio until the current in one arm
    exactly cancels a smaller photocurrent derived from the same laser.

    There are various fine points, but because the diff pair is a highly
    linear current splitter, the fluctuations split the same as the DC, so
    by adjusting the DC to zero, one in principle obtains cancellation of
    the fluctuations at all frequencies. A slow servo loop lets you do
    AC-coupled measurements down at the shot noise even with noisy lasers.

    With a bit of math, you can use the delta V_BE of the diff pair to do
    the same thing inside the feedback loop bandwidth.

    An offset voltage in either the TIA or the integrating servo amp causes
    the cancellation to be in error by

    delta I = V_os / R_F.

    With a 5k ohm R_F, a millivolt of offset makes 200 nA of current
    imbalance. With a 100-uA photocurrent, that limits the cancellation performance to

    Amax = 20*log(100uA/500nA) = 54 dB.

    It's better than that at higher photocurrent, but I'm chasing an honest
    70 dB with this box, so the offsets have to be down in the tens of
    microvolts at most.

    Cheers

    Phil Hobbs

    --
    Dr Philip C D Hobbs
    Principal Consultant
    ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics
    Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
    Briarcliff Manor NY 10510

    http://electrooptical.net
    http://hobbs-eo.com


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.6
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From bitrex@3:633/10 to All on Thursday, January 29, 2026 16:40:21
    On 1/29/2026 4:24 PM, Phil Hobbs wrote:
    On 2026-01-29 15:32, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    Hi, all,

    I'm doing a high-accuracy version of the laser noise canceller
    <https://electrooptical.net/www/canceller/WithoutTears.pdf>.

    In particular, to get better cancellation accuracy, I want to get
    rid of the input offset voltages of a couple of op amps.

    One approach to this is to use a chopamp integrator to snoop the
    summing junction, and dork the noninverting input to force the
    summing junction to average 0.00000V.

    This is nice conceptually, but there are a couple of worries:

    1. Chopamps kick out nasty switching spikes, which will have to be
    decoupled sufficiently well.

    2. Weird-ass composite amplifiers always have weird settling
    behavior.

    I haven't done this lately, but I'm thinking of a TLV2333.

    Any wisdom?

    At that level of accuracy, beware thermocouple effects.

    It's all on one board, and the power level is low, so that shouldn't be
    a huge issue, I don't think.ÿ Gradients on the board should be way under
    1K in the quarter-inch or so separating the two amps.ÿ I'll certainly
    put the power buffer some distance away.

    If you are compensating a slow drift in offset, chop slowly and
    sinusoidally, then the 'spikes' will matter less.

    I'm not the one doing the chopping--the spikes come from the CMOS
    switches inside the chopamp.

    The noise canceller works by splitting a larger photocurrent using a BJT diff pair, and adjusting the split ratio until the current in one arm exactly cancels a smaller photocurrent derived from the same laser.

    There are various fine points, but because the diff pair is a highly
    linear current splitter, the fluctuations split the same as the DC, so
    by adjusting the DC to zero, one in principle obtains cancellation of
    the fluctuations at all frequencies.ÿ A slow servo loop lets you do AC- coupled measurements down at the shot noise even with noisy lasers.

    With a bit of math, you can use the delta V_BE of the diff pair to do
    the same thing inside the feedback loop bandwidth.

    An offset voltage in either the TIA or the integrating servo amp causes
    the cancellation to be in error by

    delta I = V_os / R_F.

    With a 5k ohm R_F, a millivolt of offset makes 200 nA of current
    imbalance.ÿ With a 100-uA photocurrent, that limits the cancellation performance to

    Amax = 20*log(100uA/500nA) = 54 dB.

    It's better than that at higher photocurrent, but I'm chasing an honest
    70 dB with this box, so the offsets have to be down in the tens of microvolts at most.

    Cheers

    Phil Hobbs


    So is the idea to LPF the crap out of the summing junction voltage, send
    to a chopper amp used as an integrator, and then LPF the crap of the
    chopper amp output sent to the TIA amp non-inverting input? Is it spikes
    going forward to the TIA non-inverting input or going backwards to the
    summing junction itself that's the most concern?

    The non-inverting input is the devil and I don't really like it anywhere
    but bolted to ground in precision applications but I guess there aren't
    a lot of other places to inject a correction that isn't going to disturb
    the summing junction worse


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.6
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Phil Hobbs@3:633/10 to All on Thursday, January 29, 2026 16:52:33
    On 2026-01-29 15:29, john larkin wrote:
    On Thu, 29 Jan 2026 20:01:27 -0000 (UTC), Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> wrote:
    On Thu, 29 Jan 2026 13:01:31 -0500, Phil Hobbs
    <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    Hi, all,

    I'm doing a high-accuracy version of the laser noise canceller
    <https://electrooptical.net/www/canceller/WithoutTears.pdf>.

    In particular, to get better cancellation accuracy, I want to get rid of >>>> the input offset voltages of a couple of op amps.

    One approach to this is to use a chopamp integrator to snoop the summing >>>> junction, and dork the noninverting input to force the summing junction >>>> to average 0.00000V.

    This is nice conceptually, but there are a couple of worries:

    1. Chopamps kick out nasty switching spikes, which will have to be
    decoupled sufficiently well.

    2. Weird-ass composite amplifiers always have weird settling behavior. >>>>
    I haven't done this lately, but I'm thinking of a TLV2333.

    Any wisdom?

    Thanks


    Would the Johnson noise of a resistor wreck the input, like if you
    lowpass filter the summing junction into the offset servo?

    The TIA stage is an AD825 with an LMH6321 buffer and a 5k feedback
    resistor. A 200k resistor from the SJ to the chopamp won?t perturb that
    much, and I?ll probably split it in half, with 1nF or to ground just to
    make sure.

    The chopamp runs on +-2.5V and the AD825?s Vos range is +-5mV over
    temperature, so I?ll put a 200:1 voltage divider to match the ranges
    better. Hopefully that?ll reduce the transient funnies to a tolerable
    level.



    Can you do anything useful with the other end of the photodiode? Seems
    a shame to waste that current.

    The other end goes to a DC-coupled bootstrap. That keeps the load impedance >> stable, which avoids AC cancellation errors due to different RC time
    constants.


    I just finished a 4-layer double-sided-parts pcb layout and discovered
    that I forgot to include the threshold generator circuit. I can
    squeeze in the parts somewhere but routing will be nasty.


    Blech, I admire your patience. Simon teases me that my circuits have
    everything connected to everything else, by traces that all have to be
    short. ;)


    Our visitor lady yesterday is an EE grad student at Georgia Tech.
    Someone mentioned thermal issues on PCBs and we had to explain what
    that meant.

    Interns come in not knowing anything about thermals or packaging or
    assembly drawings... how electronics is actually done.

    Picosecond electronics needs tiny parts that run at high currents and
    get hot. Simon should be grateful that he doesn't have to deal with
    that too.

    He laid out our 60-ps TDR board, which sucks a lot of current but
    doesn't run 100% duty cycle, by a lot.

    Of course boards in boxes don't usually have to cope with 20k gees'
    worth of repetitive shock. ;)

    Cheers

    Phil Hobbs

    --
    Dr Philip C D Hobbs
    Principal Consultant
    ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics
    Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
    Briarcliff Manor NY 10510

    http://electrooptical.net
    http://hobbs-eo.com


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.6
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Phil Hobbs@3:633/10 to All on Thursday, January 29, 2026 17:22:39
    On 2026-01-29 16:40, bitrex wrote:
    On 1/29/2026 4:24 PM, Phil Hobbs wrote:
    On 2026-01-29 15:32, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    Hi, all,

    I'm doing a high-accuracy version of the laser noise canceller
    <https://electrooptical.net/www/canceller/WithoutTears.pdf>.

    In particular, to get better cancellation accuracy, I want to
    get rid of the input offset voltages of a couple of op amps.

    One approach to this is to use a chopamp integrator to snoop
    the summing junction, and dork the noninverting input to force
    the summing junction to average 0.00000V.

    This is nice conceptually, but there are a couple of worries:

    1. Chopamps kick out nasty switching spikes, which will have to
    be decoupled sufficiently well.

    2. Weird-ass composite amplifiers always have weird settling
    behavior.

    I haven't done this lately, but I'm thinking of a TLV2333.

    Any wisdom?

    At that level of accuracy, beware thermocouple effects.

    It's all on one board, and the power level is low, so that
    shouldn't be a huge issue, I don't think. Gradients on the board
    should be way under 1K in the quarter-inch or so separating the two
    amps. I'll certainly put the power buffer some distance away.

    If you are compensating a slow drift in offset, chop slowly and
    sinusoidally, then the 'spikes' will matter less.

    I'm not the one doing the chopping--the spikes come from the CMOS
    switches inside the chopamp.

    The noise canceller works by splitting a larger photocurrent using
    a BJT diff pair, and adjusting the split ratio until the current in
    one arm exactly cancels a smaller photocurrent derived from the
    same laser.

    There are various fine points, but because the diff pair is a
    highly linear current splitter, the fluctuations split the same as
    the DC, so by adjusting the DC to zero, one in principle obtains
    cancellation of the fluctuations at all frequencies. A slow servo
    loop lets you do AC- coupled measurements down at the shot noise
    even with noisy lasers.

    With a bit of math, you can use the delta V_BE of the diff pair to
    do the same thing inside the feedback loop bandwidth.

    An offset voltage in either the TIA or the integrating servo amp
    causes the cancellation to be in error by

    delta I = V_os / R_F.

    With a 5k ohm R_F, a millivolt of offset makes 200 nA of current
    imbalance. With a 100-uA photocurrent, that limits the
    cancellation performance to

    Amax = 20*log(100uA/500nA) = 54 dB.

    It's better than that at higher photocurrent, but I'm chasing an
    honest 70 dB with this box, so the offsets have to be down in the
    tens of microvolts at most.


    So is the idea to LPF the crap out of the summing junction voltage,
    send to a chopper amp used as an integrator, and then LPF the crap of
    the chopper amp output sent to the TIA amp non-inverting input?

    Right, except that the output doesn't need filtering, just a voltage
    divider.

    Is it spikes going forward to the TIA non-inverting input or going
    backwards to the summing junction itself that's the most concern?

    The output is just ordinary noisy--53 nV in 1 Hz. Chopamp inputs kick
    out evil microamp-level spikes of low duty cycle--the 70 pA bias current
    spec is basically the bits of the spikes that don't average to zero.

    The non-inverting input is the devil and I don't really like it
    anywhere but bolted to ground in precision applications but I guess
    there aren't a lot of other places to inject a correction that isn't
    going to disturb the summing junction worse


    Well, it's got a 10k:50R voltage divider to help keep it still. The
    total adjustment range is thus +-12 mV or so, comfortably larger than
    the +-5 mV max offset over temperature.

    The voltage divider reduces the loop bandwidth by the same factor of 200
    for a given time constant, so to get a 5-Hz snoop loop bandwidth, it
    needs a time constant of

    tau = 1/200 / (2 pi * 5 Hz) = 160 us

    so the integrator has 200k * 820 pF.

    Since the 820 pF is connected between the inverting input and the
    (low-Z) output, it'll suck in most of the spikies, but just in case, I'm splitting the 200k in half and bypassing the midpoint with 1 nF to ground.

    Cheers

    Phil Hobbs

    --
    Dr Philip C D Hobbs
    Principal Consultant
    ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics
    Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
    Briarcliff Manor NY 10510

    http://electrooptical.net
    http://hobbs-eo.com


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.6
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From john larkin@3:633/10 to All on Thursday, January 29, 2026 15:14:46
    On Thu, 29 Jan 2026 17:22:39 -0500, Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    On 2026-01-29 16:40, bitrex wrote:
    On 1/29/2026 4:24 PM, Phil Hobbs wrote:
    On 2026-01-29 15:32, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    Hi, all,

    I'm doing a high-accuracy version of the laser noise canceller
    <https://electrooptical.net/www/canceller/WithoutTears.pdf>.

    In particular, to get better cancellation accuracy, I want to
    get rid of the input offset voltages of a couple of op amps.

    One approach to this is to use a chopamp integrator to snoop
    the summing junction, and dork the noninverting input to force
    the summing junction to average 0.00000V.

    This is nice conceptually, but there are a couple of worries:

    1. Chopamps kick out nasty switching spikes, which will have to
    be decoupled sufficiently well.

    2. Weird-ass composite amplifiers always have weird settling
    behavior.

    I haven't done this lately, but I'm thinking of a TLV2333.

    Any wisdom?

    At that level of accuracy, beware thermocouple effects.

    It's all on one board, and the power level is low, so that
    shouldn't be a huge issue, I don't think. Gradients on the board
    should be way under 1K in the quarter-inch or so separating the two
    amps. I'll certainly put the power buffer some distance away.

    If you are compensating a slow drift in offset, chop slowly and
    sinusoidally, then the 'spikes' will matter less.

    I'm not the one doing the chopping--the spikes come from the CMOS
    switches inside the chopamp.

    The noise canceller works by splitting a larger photocurrent using
    a BJT diff pair, and adjusting the split ratio until the current in
    one arm exactly cancels a smaller photocurrent derived from the
    same laser.

    There are various fine points, but because the diff pair is a
    highly linear current splitter, the fluctuations split the same as
    the DC, so by adjusting the DC to zero, one in principle obtains
    cancellation of the fluctuations at all frequencies. A slow servo
    loop lets you do AC- coupled measurements down at the shot noise
    even with noisy lasers.

    With a bit of math, you can use the delta V_BE of the diff pair to
    do the same thing inside the feedback loop bandwidth.

    An offset voltage in either the TIA or the integrating servo amp
    causes the cancellation to be in error by

    delta I = V_os / R_F.

    With a 5k ohm R_F, a millivolt of offset makes 200 nA of current
    imbalance. With a 100-uA photocurrent, that limits the
    cancellation performance to

    Amax = 20*log(100uA/500nA) = 54 dB.

    It's better than that at higher photocurrent, but I'm chasing an
    honest 70 dB with this box, so the offsets have to be down in the
    tens of microvolts at most.


    So is the idea to LPF the crap out of the summing junction voltage,
    send to a chopper amp used as an integrator, and then LPF the crap of
    the chopper amp output sent to the TIA amp non-inverting input?

    Right, except that the output doesn't need filtering, just a voltage >divider.

    Is it spikes going forward to the TIA non-inverting input or going
    backwards to the summing junction itself that's the most concern?

    The output is just ordinary noisy--53 nV in 1 Hz. Chopamp inputs kick
    out evil microamp-level spikes of low duty cycle--the 70 pA bias current
    spec is basically the bits of the spikes that don't average to zero.

    The non-inverting input is the devil and I don't really like it
    anywhere but bolted to ground in precision applications but I guess
    there aren't a lot of other places to inject a correction that isn't
    going to disturb the summing junction worse


    Well, it's got a 10k:50R voltage divider to help keep it still. The
    total adjustment range is thus +-12 mV or so, comfortably larger than
    the +-5 mV max offset over temperature.

    The voltage divider reduces the loop bandwidth by the same factor of 200
    for a given time constant, so to get a 5-Hz snoop loop bandwidth, it
    needs a time constant of

    tau = 1/200 / (2 pi * 5 Hz) = 160 us

    so the integrator has 200k * 820 pF.

    Since the 820 pF is connected between the inverting input and the
    (low-Z) output, it'll suck in most of the spikies, but just in case, I'm >splitting the 200k in half and bypassing the midpoint with 1 nF to ground.

    Cheers

    Phil Hobbs

    Couldn't the offset servo loop be mega-slow? I think it's correcting
    thermals.




    John Larkin
    Highland Tech Glen Canyon Design Center
    Lunatic Fringe Electronics

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.6
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Phil Hobbs@3:633/10 to All on Friday, January 30, 2026 04:24:18
    john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> wrote:
    On Thu, 29 Jan 2026 17:22:39 -0500, Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    On 2026-01-29 16:40, bitrex wrote:
    On 1/29/2026 4:24 PM, Phil Hobbs wrote:
    On 2026-01-29 15:32, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    Hi, all,

    I'm doing a high-accuracy version of the laser noise canceller
    <https://electrooptical.net/www/canceller/WithoutTears.pdf>.

    In particular, to get better cancellation accuracy, I want to
    get rid of the input offset voltages of a couple of op amps.

    One approach to this is to use a chopamp integrator to snoop
    the summing junction, and dork the noninverting input to force
    the summing junction to average 0.00000V.

    This is nice conceptually, but there are a couple of worries:

    1. Chopamps kick out nasty switching spikes, which will have to
    be decoupled sufficiently well.

    2. Weird-ass composite amplifiers always have weird settling
    behavior.

    I haven't done this lately, but I'm thinking of a TLV2333.

    Any wisdom?

    At that level of accuracy, beware thermocouple effects.

    It's all on one board, and the power level is low, so that
    shouldn't be a huge issue, I don't think. Gradients on the board
    should be way under 1K in the quarter-inch or so separating the two
    amps. I'll certainly put the power buffer some distance away.

    If you are compensating a slow drift in offset, chop slowly and
    sinusoidally, then the 'spikes' will matter less.

    I'm not the one doing the chopping--the spikes come from the CMOS
    switches inside the chopamp.

    The noise canceller works by splitting a larger photocurrent using
    a BJT diff pair, and adjusting the split ratio until the current in
    one arm exactly cancels a smaller photocurrent derived from the
    same laser.

    There are various fine points, but because the diff pair is a
    highly linear current splitter, the fluctuations split the same as
    the DC, so by adjusting the DC to zero, one in principle obtains
    cancellation of the fluctuations at all frequencies. A slow servo
    loop lets you do AC- coupled measurements down at the shot noise
    even with noisy lasers.

    With a bit of math, you can use the delta V_BE of the diff pair to
    do the same thing inside the feedback loop bandwidth.

    An offset voltage in either the TIA or the integrating servo amp
    causes the cancellation to be in error by

    delta I = V_os / R_F.

    With a 5k ohm R_F, a millivolt of offset makes 200 nA of current
    imbalance. With a 100-uA photocurrent, that limits the
    cancellation performance to

    Amax = 20*log(100uA/500nA) = 54 dB.

    It's better than that at higher photocurrent, but I'm chasing an
    honest 70 dB with this box, so the offsets have to be down in the
    tens of microvolts at most.


    So is the idea to LPF the crap out of the summing junction voltage,
    send to a chopper amp used as an integrator, and then LPF the crap of
    the chopper amp output sent to the TIA amp non-inverting input?

    Right, except that the output doesn't need filtering, just a voltage
    divider.

    Is it spikes going forward to the TIA non-inverting input or going
    backwards to the summing junction itself that's the most concern?

    The output is just ordinary noisy--53 nV in 1 Hz. Chopamp inputs kick
    out evil microamp-level spikes of low duty cycle--the 70 pA bias current
    spec is basically the bits of the spikes that don't average to zero.

    The non-inverting input is the devil and I don't really like it
    anywhere but bolted to ground in precision applications but I guess
    there aren't a lot of other places to inject a correction that isn't
    going to disturb the summing junction worse


    Well, it's got a 10k:50R voltage divider to help keep it still. The
    total adjustment range is thus +-12 mV or so, comfortably larger than
    the +-5 mV max offset over temperature.

    The voltage divider reduces the loop bandwidth by the same factor of 200
    for a given time constant, so to get a 5-Hz snoop loop bandwidth, it
    needs a time constant of

    tau = 1/200 / (2 pi * 5 Hz) = 160 us

    so the integrator has 200k * 820 pF.

    Since the 820 pF is connected between the inverting input and the
    (low-Z) output, it'll suck in most of the spikies, but just in case, I'm
    splitting the 200k in half and bypassing the midpoint with 1 nF to ground. >>
    Couldn't the offset servo loop be mega-slow? I think it's correcting thermals.

    I think several hertz is the sweet spot, because there are situations such
    as turn-on where it?ll start way out of whack and have to recover.

    It?s more the fixed part of the offset than the drift that?s the problem, except at extreme temperatures.

    Cheers

    Phil Hobbs

    --
    Dr Philip C D Hobbs Principal Consultant ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.6
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From john larkin@3:633/10 to All on Thursday, January 29, 2026 21:38:27
    On Fri, 30 Jan 2026 04:24:18 -0000 (UTC), Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> wrote:
    On Thu, 29 Jan 2026 17:22:39 -0500, Phil Hobbs
    <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    On 2026-01-29 16:40, bitrex wrote:
    On 1/29/2026 4:24 PM, Phil Hobbs wrote:
    On 2026-01-29 15:32, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    Hi, all,

    I'm doing a high-accuracy version of the laser noise canceller
    <https://electrooptical.net/www/canceller/WithoutTears.pdf>.

    In particular, to get better cancellation accuracy, I want to
    get rid of the input offset voltages of a couple of op amps.

    One approach to this is to use a chopamp integrator to snoop
    the summing junction, and dork the noninverting input to force
    the summing junction to average 0.00000V.

    This is nice conceptually, but there are a couple of worries:

    1. Chopamps kick out nasty switching spikes, which will have to
    be decoupled sufficiently well.

    2. Weird-ass composite amplifiers always have weird settling
    behavior.

    I haven't done this lately, but I'm thinking of a TLV2333.

    Any wisdom?

    At that level of accuracy, beware thermocouple effects.

    It's all on one board, and the power level is low, so that
    shouldn't be a huge issue, I don't think. Gradients on the board
    should be way under 1K in the quarter-inch or so separating the two
    amps. I'll certainly put the power buffer some distance away.

    If you are compensating a slow drift in offset, chop slowly and
    sinusoidally, then the 'spikes' will matter less.

    I'm not the one doing the chopping--the spikes come from the CMOS
    switches inside the chopamp.

    The noise canceller works by splitting a larger photocurrent using
    a BJT diff pair, and adjusting the split ratio until the current in
    one arm exactly cancels a smaller photocurrent derived from the
    same laser.

    There are various fine points, but because the diff pair is a
    highly linear current splitter, the fluctuations split the same as
    the DC, so by adjusting the DC to zero, one in principle obtains
    cancellation of the fluctuations at all frequencies. A slow servo
    loop lets you do AC- coupled measurements down at the shot noise
    even with noisy lasers.

    With a bit of math, you can use the delta V_BE of the diff pair to
    do the same thing inside the feedback loop bandwidth.

    An offset voltage in either the TIA or the integrating servo amp
    causes the cancellation to be in error by

    delta I = V_os / R_F.

    With a 5k ohm R_F, a millivolt of offset makes 200 nA of current
    imbalance. With a 100-uA photocurrent, that limits the
    cancellation performance to

    Amax = 20*log(100uA/500nA) = 54 dB.

    It's better than that at higher photocurrent, but I'm chasing an
    honest 70 dB with this box, so the offsets have to be down in the
    tens of microvolts at most.


    So is the idea to LPF the crap out of the summing junction voltage,
    send to a chopper amp used as an integrator, and then LPF the crap of
    the chopper amp output sent to the TIA amp non-inverting input?

    Right, except that the output doesn't need filtering, just a voltage
    divider.

    Is it spikes going forward to the TIA non-inverting input or going
    backwards to the summing junction itself that's the most concern?

    The output is just ordinary noisy--53 nV in 1 Hz. Chopamp inputs kick
    out evil microamp-level spikes of low duty cycle--the 70 pA bias current >>> spec is basically the bits of the spikes that don't average to zero.

    The non-inverting input is the devil and I don't really like it
    anywhere but bolted to ground in precision applications but I guess
    there aren't a lot of other places to inject a correction that isn't
    going to disturb the summing junction worse


    Well, it's got a 10k:50R voltage divider to help keep it still. The
    total adjustment range is thus +-12 mV or so, comfortably larger than
    the +-5 mV max offset over temperature.

    The voltage divider reduces the loop bandwidth by the same factor of 200 >>> for a given time constant, so to get a 5-Hz snoop loop bandwidth, it
    needs a time constant of

    tau = 1/200 / (2 pi * 5 Hz) = 160 us

    so the integrator has 200k * 820 pF.

    Since the 820 pF is connected between the inverting input and the
    (low-Z) output, it'll suck in most of the spikies, but just in case, I'm >>> splitting the 200k in half and bypassing the midpoint with 1 nF to ground. >>>
    Couldn't the offset servo loop be mega-slow? I think it's correcting
    thermals.

    I think several hertz is the sweet spot, because there are situations such
    as turn-on where it?ll start way out of whack and have to recover.

    It?s more the fixed part of the offset than the drift that?s the problem, >except at extreme temperatures.

    Cheers

    Phil Hobbs

    Trimpot!


    John Larkin
    Highland Tech Glen Canyon Design Center
    Lunatic Fringe Electronics

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.6
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Liz Tuddenham@3:633/10 to All on Friday, January 30, 2026 09:17:42
    Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    On 2026-01-29 15:32, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    Hi, all,

    I'm doing a high-accuracy version of the laser noise canceller
    <https://electrooptical.net/www/canceller/WithoutTears.pdf>.

    In particular, to get better cancellation accuracy, I want to get
    rid of the input offset voltages of a couple of op amps.

    One approach to this is to use a chopamp integrator to snoop the
    summing junction, and dork the noninverting input to force the
    summing junction to average 0.00000V.

    This is nice conceptually, but there are a couple of worries:

    1. Chopamps kick out nasty switching spikes, which will have to be
    decoupled sufficiently well.

    2. Weird-ass composite amplifiers always have weird settling
    behavior.

    I haven't done this lately, but I'm thinking of a TLV2333.

    Any wisdom?

    At that level of accuracy, beware thermocouple effects.

    It's all on one board, and the power level is low, so that shouldn't be
    a huge issue, I don't think. Gradients on the board should be way under
    1K in the quarter-inch or so separating the two amps. I'll certainly
    put the power buffer some distance away.

    If you are compensating a slow drift in offset, chop slowly and sinusoidally, then the 'spikes' will matter less.

    I'm not the one doing the chopping--the spikes come from the CMOS
    switches inside the chopamp.

    [...]

    If you are cancelling slowly-changing offsets, the switching could be
    done with FETs driven by a very low frequency sinewave, there would be
    no spikes and the charging and discharging currents of the gate
    capacitances would inject negilgible unwanted charges at low frequency.
    If starting transients are a problem, increase the frequency momentarily
    during start-up.

    As the charges injected into a CMOS switch from switching on and
    switching off are usually unequal, could you use a balanced circuit
    which would more-or-less cancel them? The actual spikes could be
    slugged by a long time constant and the long-term inequalities would
    balance out. ...or is that gettig too complicated?


    --
    ~ Liz Tuddenham ~
    (Remove the ".invalid"s and add ".co.uk" to reply)
    www.poppyrecords.co.uk

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.6
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Gerhard Hoffmann@3:633/10 to All on Friday, January 30, 2026 10:42:05
    Am 30.01.26 um 10:17 schrieb Liz Tuddenham:

    As the charges injected into a CMOS switch from switching on and
    switching off are usually unequal, could you use a balanced circuit
    which would more-or-less cancel them? The actual spikes could be
    slugged by a long time constant and the long-term inequalities would
    balance out. ...or is that gettig too complicated?

    I once had a chopper where it was enough to balance VCC/VEE
    (which were not equal!).
    Gate switching levels were fixed and came from a Xilinx Coolrunner2.

    Gerhard


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.6
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Phil Hobbs@3:633/10 to All on Friday, January 30, 2026 12:58:37
    john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> wrote:
    On Fri, 30 Jan 2026 04:24:18 -0000 (UTC), Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> wrote:
    On Thu, 29 Jan 2026 17:22:39 -0500, Phil Hobbs
    <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    On 2026-01-29 16:40, bitrex wrote:
    On 1/29/2026 4:24 PM, Phil Hobbs wrote:
    On 2026-01-29 15:32, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    Hi, all,

    I'm doing a high-accuracy version of the laser noise canceller >>>>>>>> <https://electrooptical.net/www/canceller/WithoutTears.pdf>.

    In particular, to get better cancellation accuracy, I want to
    get rid of the input offset voltages of a couple of op amps.

    One approach to this is to use a chopamp integrator to snoop
    the summing junction, and dork the noninverting input to force >>>>>>>> the summing junction to average 0.00000V.

    This is nice conceptually, but there are a couple of worries:

    1. Chopamps kick out nasty switching spikes, which will have to >>>>>>>> be decoupled sufficiently well.

    2. Weird-ass composite amplifiers always have weird settling
    behavior.

    I haven't done this lately, but I'm thinking of a TLV2333.

    Any wisdom?

    At that level of accuracy, beware thermocouple effects.

    It's all on one board, and the power level is low, so that
    shouldn't be a huge issue, I don't think. Gradients on the board
    should be way under 1K in the quarter-inch or so separating the two >>>>>> amps. I'll certainly put the power buffer some distance away.

    If you are compensating a slow drift in offset, chop slowly and >>>>>>> sinusoidally, then the 'spikes' will matter less.

    I'm not the one doing the chopping--the spikes come from the CMOS >>>>>> switches inside the chopamp.

    The noise canceller works by splitting a larger photocurrent using >>>>>> a BJT diff pair, and adjusting the split ratio until the current in >>>>>> one arm exactly cancels a smaller photocurrent derived from the
    same laser.

    There are various fine points, but because the diff pair is a
    highly linear current splitter, the fluctuations split the same as >>>>>> the DC, so by adjusting the DC to zero, one in principle obtains
    cancellation of the fluctuations at all frequencies. A slow servo >>>>>> loop lets you do AC- coupled measurements down at the shot noise
    even with noisy lasers.

    With a bit of math, you can use the delta V_BE of the diff pair to >>>>>> do the same thing inside the feedback loop bandwidth.

    An offset voltage in either the TIA or the integrating servo amp
    causes the cancellation to be in error by

    delta I = V_os / R_F.

    With a 5k ohm R_F, a millivolt of offset makes 200 nA of current
    imbalance. With a 100-uA photocurrent, that limits the
    cancellation performance to

    Amax = 20*log(100uA/500nA) = 54 dB.

    It's better than that at higher photocurrent, but I'm chasing an
    honest 70 dB with this box, so the offsets have to be down in the
    tens of microvolts at most.


    So is the idea to LPF the crap out of the summing junction voltage,
    send to a chopper amp used as an integrator, and then LPF the crap of >>>>> the chopper amp output sent to the TIA amp non-inverting input?

    Right, except that the output doesn't need filtering, just a voltage
    divider.

    Is it spikes going forward to the TIA non-inverting input or going
    backwards to the summing junction itself that's the most concern?

    The output is just ordinary noisy--53 nV in 1 Hz. Chopamp inputs kick >>>> out evil microamp-level spikes of low duty cycle--the 70 pA bias current >>>> spec is basically the bits of the spikes that don't average to zero.

    The non-inverting input is the devil and I don't really like it
    anywhere but bolted to ground in precision applications but I guess
    there aren't a lot of other places to inject a correction that isn't >>>>> going to disturb the summing junction worse


    Well, it's got a 10k:50R voltage divider to help keep it still. The
    total adjustment range is thus +-12 mV or so, comfortably larger than >>>> the +-5 mV max offset over temperature.

    The voltage divider reduces the loop bandwidth by the same factor of 200 >>>> for a given time constant, so to get a 5-Hz snoop loop bandwidth, it
    needs a time constant of

    tau = 1/200 / (2 pi * 5 Hz) = 160 us

    so the integrator has 200k * 820 pF.

    Since the 820 pF is connected between the inverting input and the
    (low-Z) output, it'll suck in most of the spikies, but just in case, I'm >>>> splitting the 200k in half and bypassing the midpoint with 1 nF to ground. >>>>
    Couldn't the offset servo loop be mega-slow? I think it's correcting
    thermals.

    I think several hertz is the sweet spot, because there are situations such >> as turn-on where it?ll start way out of whack and have to recover.

    It?s more the fixed part of the offset than the drift that?s the problem,
    except at extreme temperatures.

    Cheers

    Phil Hobbs

    Trimpot!

    The snooper is cheaper, more accurate, and (I think) will cause no
    troubles.

    https://www.lcsc.com/product-detail/C176649.html

    If the spikies are too big, I can spend more money and replace the TLV2333
    with a super trimmed part, with some performance hit but no board spin.

    Cheers

    Phil Hobbs


    --
    Dr Philip C D Hobbs Principal Consultant ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.8
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Phil Hobbs@3:633/10 to All on Friday, January 30, 2026 13:07:53
    Liz Tuddenham <liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> wrote:
    Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    On 2026-01-29 15:32, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

    Hi, all,

    I'm doing a high-accuracy version of the laser noise canceller
    <https://electrooptical.net/www/canceller/WithoutTears.pdf>.

    In particular, to get better cancellation accuracy, I want to get
    rid of the input offset voltages of a couple of op amps.

    One approach to this is to use a chopamp integrator to snoop the
    summing junction, and dork the noninverting input to force the
    summing junction to average 0.00000V.

    This is nice conceptually, but there are a couple of worries:

    1. Chopamps kick out nasty switching spikes, which will have to be
    decoupled sufficiently well.

    2. Weird-ass composite amplifiers always have weird settling
    behavior.

    I haven't done this lately, but I'm thinking of a TLV2333.

    Any wisdom?

    At that level of accuracy, beware thermocouple effects.

    It's all on one board, and the power level is low, so that shouldn't be
    a huge issue, I don't think. Gradients on the board should be way under
    1K in the quarter-inch or so separating the two amps. I'll certainly
    put the power buffer some distance away.

    If you are compensating a slow drift in offset, chop slowly and
    sinusoidally, then the 'spikes' will matter less.

    I'm not the one doing the chopping--the spikes come from the CMOS
    switches inside the chopamp.

    [...]

    If you are cancelling slowly-changing offsets, the switching could be
    done with FETs driven by a very low frequency sinewave, there would be
    no spikes and the charging and discharging currents of the gate
    capacitances would inject negilgible unwanted charges at low frequency.
    If starting transients are a problem, increase the frequency momentarily during start-up.

    As the charges injected into a CMOS switch from switching on and
    switching off are usually unequal, could you use a balanced circuit
    which would more-or-less cancel them? The actual spikes could be
    slugged by a long time constant and the long-term inequalities would
    balance out. ...or is that gettig too complicated?

    The snooper?s main rationale is that it?s not in the main signal path?it?s
    just a bag hung off one side to balance out the offsets of the otherwise
    very nice AD822 TIA and AD8605 servo/driver.

    The signal paths are much faster, up to 10 MHz.

    Cheers

    Phil Hobbs

    --
    Dr Philip C D Hobbs Principal Consultant ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.8
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Phil Hobbs@3:633/10 to All on Friday, January 30, 2026 14:31:04
    Gerhard Hoffmann <dk4xp@arcor.de> wrote:
    Am 30.01.26 um 10:17 schrieb Liz Tuddenham:

    As the charges injected into a CMOS switch from switching on and
    switching off are usually unequal, could you use a balanced circuit
    which would more-or-less cancel them? The actual spikes could be
    slugged by a long time constant and the long-term inequalities would
    balance out. ...or is that gettig too complicated?

    I once had a chopper where it was enough to balance VCC/VEE
    (which were not equal!).
    Gate switching levels were fixed and came from a Xilinx Coolrunner2.

    Gerhard



    The canonical way to do that is by grounding one end of an inductor and switching the other end between VCC and VEE. The duty cycle sets the ratio.


    Good for rail splitting, too.

    Cheers

    Phil Hobbs

    --
    Dr Philip C D Hobbs Principal Consultant ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.8
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)