• Re: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using Windows

    From Carlos E.R.@3:633/10 to All on Thursday, January 29, 2026 22:01:55
    Subject: Re: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using Windows Thunderbird/Betterbird?

    On 2026-01-29 21:27, Maria Sophia wrote:
    Drat. I goofed in the newsgroup header line (which is entered manually).

    Correcting the newsgroup header line (which I type in manually) from: Newsgroups: alt.comp.software.thunderbird,news.software.readers,alt.comp.os.windows11 Subject: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using
    Windows Thunderbird/Betterbird?
    Date: Thu, 29 Jan 2026 15:20:04 -0500
    Message-ID: <10lgfdk$1urc$1@nnrp.usenet.blueworldhosting.com>

    To:
    Newsgroups: alt.comp.software.thunderbird,news.software.readers,alt.comp.os.windows-11

    Full post repeated below for continuity.

    Q: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using TB/BB?
    A: ?

    Certainly. But you have to use an email account.

    If you are asking whether TB will send the NNTP post that has to be
    moderated, automatically to an email address, instead of to an Usenet
    group, I do not know.


    Cheers, Carlos.
    ES??, EU??;

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.6
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Alan@3:633/10 to All on Thursday, January 29, 2026 14:01:24
    Subject: Re: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using Windows Thunderbird/Betterbird?

    On 2026-01-29 12:27, Maria Sophia wrote:
    Drat. I goofed in the newsgroup header line (which is entered manually).

    Riiiiiight.


    Correcting the newsgroup header line (which I type in manually) from:

    Riiiiight.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.6
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Carlos E.R.@3:633/10 to All on Friday, January 30, 2026 12:46:08
    Subject: Re: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using Windows Thunderbird/Betterbird?

    On 2026-01-29 22:42, Maria Sophia wrote:
    Carlos E.R. wrote:
    Q: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using TB/BB?
    A: ?

    Certainly. But you have to use an email account.

    If you are asking whether TB will send the NNTP post that has to be
    moderated, automatically to an email address, instead of to an Usenet
    group, I do not know.

    Hi Carlos,

    I guess I'm confused 'cuz I've never done it, and, of course, I care about privacy so the email it's sent from must be a throwaway email but even so
    how do we insert the required NNTP-required HEADERS into that email?

    No, it has to be a good email address. One that works.

    It is a subscription, the moderator has to be able to contact you on email.


    The rules will probably depend on each moderated group. I suppose they
    post them somewhere.




    $ sendmail misc-taxes-moderated@moderators.isc.org < article.txt

    My question is in what format do we add the HEADERS into that email?
    Do we just prepend the headers as part of the body of the email?
    ÿ From: (mandatory Usenet header?)
    ÿ Newsgroups: (mandatory Usenet header?)
    ÿ Subject: (mandatory Usenet header?)
    ÿ Date: (mandatory Usenet header?)
    ÿ Message-ID: (optional perhaps?)
    ÿ Organization: (optional)
    ÿ Content-Type: (if needed)
    ÿ ...and then a blank line, followed by the article text...
    ÿ This is the body of my Usenet post.
    ÿ -- ÿ Test sig.

    Q: Are those headers to be in the 'body' of the message to the mods?
    A: ?


    I can not answer those questions. I had no idea that sending to an
    Usenet moderated group involved sending emails.

    I would suggest google for documentation.

    ...

    --
    Cheers, Carlos.
    ES??, EU??;

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.8
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From J. P. Gilliver@3:633/10 to All on Friday, January 30, 2026 15:02:11
    Subject: Re: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using Windows Thunderbird/Betterbird?

    On 2026/1/30 11:46:8, Carlos E.R. wrote:

    []

    I can not answer those questions. I had no idea that sending to an
    Usenet moderated group involved sending emails.

    If you think about it, it has to; however, some news clients make that
    process transparent, i. e. you just go through the normal posting steps
    as you see it, and the client does the necessary. I don't know if TB is
    one such - I am not currently subscribed to any moderated 'groups.

    I think in some cases there's a sort of central clearinghouse for such
    posts, so the address details are common across many 'groups (the
    central clearinghouse then forwards the messages to the relevant
    moderator based on the 'group name); I'm not sure if 'groups _can_ opt
    out of that system, or if they have to become mailing lists or some
    other construct.


    I would suggest google for documentation.

    ...

    Probably the newsgroup "charter", but I've no idea if there's a central repository of those. It's usually included in a post not long after a
    'group's creation, but of course that may have disappeared before the
    server's retention period (or yours). Some 'groups repost their charter (sometimes with revisions, sometimes not) at intervals, such as
    annually. Not sure if those include moderator details, though.

    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()ALIS-Ch++(p)Ar++T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    And on the question of authorship, I subscribe to the view that the
    plays were not in fact written by Shakespeare but by someone of the
    same name. - Hugh Bonneville (RT 2014/10/11-17)

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.8
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Carlos E.R.@3:633/10 to All on Friday, January 30, 2026 22:43:49
    Subject: Re: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using Windows Thunderbird/Betterbird?

    On 2026-01-30 16:02, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    On 2026/1/30 11:46:8, Carlos E.R. wrote:

    []

    I can not answer those questions. I had no idea that sending to an
    Usenet moderated group involved sending emails.

    If you think about it, it has to; however, some news clients make that process transparent, i. e. you just go through the normal posting steps
    as you see it, and the client does the necessary. I don't know if TB is
    one such - I am not currently subscribed to any moderated 'groups.

    I think in some cases there's a sort of central clearinghouse for such
    posts, so the address details are common across many 'groups (the
    central clearinghouse then forwards the messages to the relevant
    moderator based on the 'group name); I'm not sure if 'groups _can_ opt
    out of that system, or if they have to become mailing lists or some
    other construct.


    I would suggest google for documentation.

    ...

    Probably the newsgroup "charter", but I've no idea if there's a central repository of those. It's usually included in a post not long after a 'group's creation, but of course that may have disappeared before the server's retention period (or yours). Some 'groups repost their charter (sometimes with revisions, sometimes not) at intervals, such as
    annually. Not sure if those include moderator details, though.



    Like you, I have never subscribed to a moderated group, so I have never thought about it, in decades. I simply thought that the news protocol
    would know about it and handle it "somehow". Then the moderator would
    have special software, like a moderated mailing list. Moderated groups
    in Fidonet worked differently, there was no previous approval necessary.
    If you misbehaved, you were banned.

    If it is done by actually sending an email, automatically by
    Thunderbird, TB has to know that address also automatically, and the
    address we use to join the group has to be real.

    Thus Arlen must use his real email with TB and not those scripts he
    uses, in order to post on moderated groups.

    --
    Cheers, Carlos.
    ES??, EU??;

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.8
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From J. P. Gilliver@3:633/10 to All on Saturday, January 31, 2026 13:44:01
    Subject: Re: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using Windows Thunderbird/Betterbird?

    On 2026/1/30 23:29:13, Arlen wrote:
    Carlos E.R. wrote:
    Like you, I have never subscribed to a moderated group, so I have never
    thought about it, in decades. I simply thought that the news protocol
    would know about it and handle it "somehow".

    Thanks for discussing this topic which it seems most of us haven't thought much about as we rarely post to moderated newsgroups, and, for the most part, when we did, it just worked. So we didn't think much about 'how'.

    Well, it seems clear to me that posts to a moderated newsgroup have to
    be sent to the moderator first (as emails?).


    I think, based on my tests, that the normal process is that the news server admin decides which moderated groups he wants to peer and then he figures out how each moderated group wants to be notified, where, it seems, as John Gilliver noted, "in some cases there's a sort of central clearinghouse".

    It hadn't occurred to me that newsservers might do this; I had the
    impression that news clients did.


    I think that address might be <name-of-ng>-moderated@moderators.isc.org
    based on these tests with distinctly different results in that regard.

    When setting up Turnpike, some decades ago, I got the impression that
    the default for moderated 'groups _was_ some common address; the above
    rings a faint bell.

    If the _client_ does it - which would seem a more efficient way, after
    all why involve the newsserver if that can be avoided - then the list of newsgroups must contain a flag for the ones that are moderated, so that
    the client knows to treat posts to it differently. (Posts _in_ it - i.
    e. from other posters, that have already been passed by the moderator[s]
    - can be treated the same as those in any other 'group.)

    As such, moderated 'groups must have some flag in the news client. I
    have a feeling there was such an indication in Turnpike. I've just
    looked at the properties of this 'group in Thunderbird, and I can't
    _see_ a "moderated" indication that isn't ticked, but maybe it only
    appears at all on moderated ones?

    ISTR there was also some mechanism for entering a different moderator
    from the default (@moderators.isc.org) one for 'groups that had a
    moderator whose address wasn't part of that organisation. (That -
    isc.org - is probably what I was [mis?]remembering as a central
    organisation - not really a clearinghouse.)
    []

    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()ALIS-Ch++(p)Ar++T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    The motto of the Royal Society is: 'Take nobody's word for it'.
    Scepticism has value. - Brian Cox, RT 2015/3/14-20

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.8
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Adam H. Kerman@3:633/10 to All on Saturday, January 31, 2026 18:02:38
    Subject: Re: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using Windows Thunderbird/Betterbird?

    J. P. Gilliver <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:
    On 2026/1/30 23:29:13, Arlen wrote:

    . . .

    I think that address might be <name-of-ng>-moderated@moderators.isc.org >>based on these tests with distinctly different results in that regard.

    When setting up Turnpike, some decades ago, I got the impression that
    the default for moderated 'groups _was_ some common address; the above
    rings a faint bell.

    In olden days, every News server had to maintain a list of submission
    addresses in a moderators file. It was recognized that these addresses
    would quickly go out of date. Using a generic form of address meant that
    the moderators file could be maintained centrally, and it became yet
    another function ISC performed on behalf of the Usenet community. Why
    ISC? Specific people worked there.

    This is done for moderated newsgroups in the Big 8 and alt. It's
    performed on behalf of some "language" and regional hierarchies, but not
    all. Moderated newsgroups are not unheard of in larger regional hierarchies like uk, but they are quite rare in smaller ones. I think uk maintains
    its own central list but I don't recall specifically.

    It is possible to maintain a moderators file at a News site without
    relying upon these centrally maintained files but it would be a huge
    pain in the ass to learn all of the submission addresses as they change.

    If the _client_ does it - which would seem a more efficient way, after
    all why involve the newsserver if that can be avoided - then the list of >newsgroups must contain a flag for the ones that are moderated, so that
    the client knows to treat posts to it differently. (Posts _in_ it - i.
    e. from other posters, that have already been passed by the moderator[s]
    - can be treated the same as those in any other 'group.)

    You are speaking of treating a submission address like the submission
    address of a moderated mailing list. It can certainly be done by an
    email client.

    It's impossible for the newsreader to submit it because the newsreader
    isn't an email client. If it's done with a client that's combined of a newsreader and email client, like Thunderbird or alpine, then it's not
    using the newsreader to submit the proto article.

    As such, moderated 'groups must have some flag in the news client.

    In the For your newsgroups file line of a newgroup message sent by the hierarchy administrator or proponent of a newsgroup, the flag is the
    appended " (Moderated)". In the active file, the flag is "m". These are
    files that may be downloaded periodically from the News site by the
    newsreader. If a newsreader uses them, it's for a sanity check when
    subscribing to a newsgroup or crossposting a root article or followup.
    If the newsreader would require rudimentary SMTP functions to send the
    proto article as email. But now, the use of an invalid email address on
    From is nonstandard in email, so what are all the whiners paranoid about privacy gonna do? There is no concept of a "proto message" in email.

    Also, the Message-ID string on the References header could be lost as
    it's used for a different purpose in email. Note that the use of
    References in lieu of In-Reply-To that makes threading possible was a misunderstanding of the differences between the two headers in the early
    days of Usenet when Mail message format was adapted for News.

    This is a disadvantage to not submitting the proto article to the News
    site to gate it to email. There are plenty of others, such as the
    ignorant sending every Mail message as HTML with an alternative part,
    something that's entirely unwanted in plain text Usenet.

    I don't agree with your notion of submitting directly to the submission
    address in the newsreader. I see drawbacks but no advantages.

    Also note that the shared format was because interserver communication
    with long distance telephone charges via modems was hideously expensive
    and it allowed shared messages to be sent as a single News article, then
    a local mailing list allowed it to be delivered to mailboxes.

    I have a feeling there was such an indication in Turnpike. I've just
    looked at the properties of this 'group in Thunderbird, and I can't
    _see_ a "moderated" indication that isn't ticked, but maybe it only
    appears at all on moderated ones?

    ISTR there was also some mechanism for entering a different moderator
    from the default (@moderators.isc.org) one for 'groups that had a
    moderator whose address wasn't part of that organisation. (That -
    isc.org - is probably what I was [mis?]remembering as a central
    organisation - not really a clearinghouse.)

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.8
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Adam H. Kerman@3:633/10 to All on Saturday, January 31, 2026 21:48:43
    Subject: Re: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using Windows Thunderbird/Betterbird?

    Maria Sophia <pusvul@getTjewytR4so+mqe2.invalid> wrote:

    You wrote a followup to my article that commented on nothing I had
    written.

    Since privacy is everything on the Internet, I think now that the standard >process each newsreader uses likely maintains the privacy change all along.

    This is the flow I'm belatedly beginning to understand better:
    user > nntp server > smtp server > moderator > acceptance > posting

    If that's the correct typical flow, and given the fact that it's publicly >accepted to obfuscate identity on Usenet, since email is required in that >flow, what smtp and nntp server does the moderator's process utilize?

    The user did not send an email message and isn't using an SMTP server.
    His privacy in the use of SMTP to forward the proto article isn't at
    issue. The moderation process is a mail2news gateway, either manual on
    the moderator's host receiving an email message, adding the Approved
    header, then using a newsreader to send the approved article to a News
    server where it's injected. The gateway may be remote to the moderator,
    like use of the complicated WebSTUMP application.

    The moderator's News server is in the headers.

    Since the user is involved in nothing after composing the proto article,
    what the hell is the privacy concern? You keep claiming to have privacy concerns. You never state what they are.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.8
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Carlos E.R.@3:633/10 to All on Sunday, February 01, 2026 14:36:00
    Subject: Re: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using Windows Thunderbird/Betterbird?

    On 2026-02-01 04:38, Maria Sophia wrote:
    Adam H. Kerman wrote:


    While I had looked for alt.test.moderated, Marco suggests
    misc.test.moderated since alt.test.moderated doesn't seem to exist.
    Most moderated groups do not require a real or working email address.
    Usenet has a long tradition of allowing obfuscated or nonfunctional
    addresses because of spam concerns.

    Typical bogus examples:
    nobody@example.invalid
    user@nowhere.net
    name@remove-this.example.com

    However, nowhere.net is not a bogus address. Nor is comprehension.com

    --
    Cheers, Carlos.
    ES??, EU??;

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.10
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From J. P. Gilliver@3:633/10 to All on Sunday, February 01, 2026 14:21:37
    Subject: Re: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using Windows Thunderbird/Betterbird?

    On 2026/1/31 18:2:38, Adam H. Kerman wrote:

    []

    In olden days, every News server had to maintain a list of submission addresses in a moderators file. It was recognized that these addresses

    OK, so the default is that news clients (for the users using them) send
    posts to moderated 'groups to the normal server rather than direct to
    the moderator(s). I did not know that. (Also see below.)

    []

    If the _client_ does it - which would seem a more efficient way, after

    all why involve the newsserver if that can be avoided - then the list
    of
    newsgroups must contain a flag for the ones that are moderated, so tha
    t
    the client knows to treat posts to it differently. (Posts _in_ it - i.

    e. from other posters, that have already been passed by the moderator[
    s]
    - can be treated the same as those in any other 'group.)

    You are speaking of treating a submission address like the submission
    address of a moderated mailing list. It can certainly be done by an
    email client.

    It's impossible for the newsreader to submit it because the newsreader
    isn't an email client.

    Good point, which I hadn't thought of. (I've always used combined
    software - either one that does both like Turnpike or Thunderbird, or [I
    think - long ago!] a suite that combined them, like modified KA9Q.)

    If it's done with a client that's combined of a
    newsreader and email client, like Thunderbird or alpine, then it's not
    using the newsreader to submit the proto article.

    That makes sense.

    []

    Also, the Message-ID string on the References header could be lost as
    it's used for a different purpose in email. Note that the use of
    References in lieu of In-Reply-To that makes threading possible was a misunderstanding of the differences between the two headers in the earl
    y
    days of Usenet when Mail message format was adapted for News.

    A wrinkle of which I was unaware. Thank you.

    []

    I don't agree with your notion of submitting directly to the submission

    address in the newsreader. I see drawbacks but no advantages.

    You have convinced me - although not _no_ advantages: if it were done
    properly, it'd reduce the load on the newsserver - since the message (I
    was going to say "post", but it's arguably not a post at that point) has
    to go to the moderator before it is actually posted for all to see, it'd
    skip one hop, as it were. But you've convinced me that it's in many
    (most?) cases "better" if it does go by the complicated route.

    (There are also Arlen's concerns about what happens if a moderated
    'group has a requirement that the moderator knows the poster's real
    address [so e. g. clarification can be sought], but the poster wants the
    post only to contain an obfuscated address.)

    Also note that the shared format was because interserver communication
    with long distance telephone charges via modems was hideously expensive

    and it allowed shared messages to be sent as a single News article, the
    n
    a local mailing list allowed it to be delivered to mailboxes.

    Makes sense.

    []

    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()ALIS-Ch++(p)Ar++T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    # 10^-12 boos = 1 picoboo # 2*10^3 mockingbirds = 2 kilo mockingbi
    rd
    # 10^21 piccolos = 1 gigolo # 10^12 microphones = 1 megaphone
    # 10**9 questions = 1 gigawhat

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.10
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Carlos E.R.@3:633/10 to All on Sunday, February 01, 2026 15:42:17
    Subject: Re: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using Windows Thunderbird/Betterbird?

    On 2026-02-01 15:21, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    On 2026/1/31 18:2:38, Adam H. Kerman wrote:

    []

    In olden days, every News server had to maintain a list of submission
    addresses in a moderators file. It was recognized that these addresses

    OK, so the default is that news clients (for the users using them) send
    posts to moderated 'groups to the normal server rather than direct to
    the moderator(s). I did not know that. (Also see below.)

    []

    If the _client_ does it - which would seem a more efficient way, after
    all why involve the newsserver if that can be avoided - then the list of >>> newsgroups must contain a flag for the ones that are moderated, so that
    the client knows to treat posts to it differently. (Posts _in_ it - i.
    e. from other posters, that have already been passed by the moderator[s] >>> - can be treated the same as those in any other 'group.)

    You are speaking of treating a submission address like the submission
    address of a moderated mailing list. It can certainly be done by an
    email client.

    It's impossible for the newsreader to submit it because the newsreader
    isn't an email client.

    Good point, which I hadn't thought of. (I've always used combined
    software - either one that does both like Turnpike or Thunderbird, or [I think - long ago!] a suite that combined them, like modified KA9Q.)

    In Linux (and Unix), any program can submit an email. It is part of the system.

    Of course, in many home systems this method is not configured and will fail.


    --
    Cheers, Carlos.
    ES??, EU??;

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.10
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Frank Slootweg@3:633/10 to All on Sunday, February 01, 2026 15:49:33
    Subject: Re: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using Windows Thunderbird/Betterbird?

    Carlos E.R. <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:
    On 2026-02-01 15:21, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    On 2026/1/31 18:2:38, Adam H. Kerman wrote:
    [...]
    It's impossible for the newsreader to submit it because the newsreader
    isn't an email client.

    Good point, which I hadn't thought of. (I've always used combined
    software - either one that does both like Turnpike or Thunderbird, or [I think - long ago!] a suite that combined them, like modified KA9Q.)

    In Linux (and Unix), any program can submit an email. It is part of the system.

    I don't know about Linux, but for 'Unix' it depends on how you define
    'Unix'. AFAIR, before Berkeley Unix' sendmail, Unix only had 'mail[x]'
    which could only send/receive e-mail to/from the same local system.
    (Yes, there was UUCP-based e-mail, but that predates Internet mail.)

    OTOH, in the very early 70s, we already used 'e-mail' before that term
    was even known and probably not even invented! :-) The world-wide
    intra-company system was called COMSYS, short for Communication System.
    In comparison, while Wikipedia doesn't give a year for UUCP-based
    e-mail, it probably came only it the late 70s and SMTP came only in
    1983, a decade after 'us'. [1] [2]

    Of course, in many home systems this method is not configured and will fail.

    On this mixed Windows/Cygwin system I use ssmtp(8), a send-only
    sendmail emulator, to send e-mail (mostly administrative e-mail from shell-scripts).

    [1] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#History>
    [2] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UUCP#History>

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.10
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Adam H. Kerman@3:633/10 to All on Sunday, February 01, 2026 17:10:43
    Subject: Re: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using Windows Thunderbird/Betterbird?

    Frank Slootweg <this@ddress.is.invalid> wrote:
    Carlos E.R. <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:
    On 2026-02-01 15:21, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    On 2026/1/31 18:2:38, Adam H. Kerman wrote:

    [...]

    It's impossible for the newsreader to submit it because the newsreader >>>>isn't an email client.

    Good point, which I hadn't thought of. (I've always used combined >>>software - either one that does both like Turnpike or Thunderbird, or [I >>>think - long ago!] a suite that combined them, like modified KA9Q.)

    In Linux (and Unix), any program can submit an email. It is part of the >>system.

    I don't know about Linux, but for 'Unix' it depends on how you define
    'Unix'. AFAIR, before Berkeley Unix' sendmail, Unix only had 'mail[x]'
    which could only send/receive e-mail to/from the same local system.
    (Yes, there was UUCP-based e-mail, but that predates Internet mail.)

    I'm not quite old enough to predate Berkeley in my computer use, but
    generally, I wasn't in systems that used Berkeley-style Unix, with the exception that mbox format was a Berkeley invention that non-Berkeley
    systems tended to use.

    Non-Berkeley Unix systems that were compatible with Sys V Rel 4 like
    Unixware used mailsurr, a file one was expected to edit for email
    rewriting rules. sendmail was not native to these environments.

    I have no clue what genuine SVR4 in house at AT&T used for email.

    My first Unix compatible was Xenix, which was actually decent. What did
    we use for email transport? I cannot recall.

    . . .

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.10
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Adam H. Kerman@3:633/10 to All on Sunday, February 01, 2026 17:14:05
    Subject: Re: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using Windows Thunderbird/Betterbird?

    Maria Sophia <pusvul@getTjewytR4so+mqe2.invalid> wrote:

    We received excellent detailed actionable answers from the peering
    newsgroup (who, after all, are the ones who disseminated moderated
    messages).

    Approved: moderator@example.org
    This header tells Usenet servers that the article is authorized for
    the moderated group. The moderator's system posts from a trusted
    host or authenticated account, so servers accept the Approved
    article.

    You can't easily spoof that approval header (nor should you!), so this one >header cannot be injected by the home-grown newsreader (and shouldn't be).

    It really really can be forged readily. If received from a peer, the
    forgery is unlikely to be spotted by the receiving peer. The moderator
    will notice, of course.

    . . .

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.10
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Carlos E.R.@3:633/10 to All on Sunday, February 01, 2026 21:19:19
    Subject: Re: Can we send an email DIRECTLY to Usenet ng moderators using Windows Thunderbird/Betterbird?

    On 2026-02-01 16:49, Frank Slootweg wrote:
    Carlos E.R. <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:
    On 2026-02-01 15:21, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    On 2026/1/31 18:2:38, Adam H. Kerman wrote:
    [...]
    It's impossible for the newsreader to submit it because the newsreader >>>> isn't an email client.

    Good point, which I hadn't thought of. (I've always used combined
    software - either one that does both like Turnpike or Thunderbird, or [I >>> think - long ago!] a suite that combined them, like modified KA9Q.)

    In Linux (and Unix), any program can submit an email. It is part of the
    system.

    I don't know about Linux, but for 'Unix' it depends on how you define 'Unix'. AFAIR, before Berkeley Unix' sendmail, Unix only had 'mail[x]'
    which could only send/receive e-mail to/from the same local system.
    (Yes, there was UUCP-based e-mail, but that predates Internet mail.)

    OTOH, in the very early 70s, we already used 'e-mail' before that term
    was even known and probably not even invented! :-) The world-wide intra-company system was called COMSYS, short for Communication System.
    In comparison, while Wikipedia doesn't give a year for UUCP-based
    e-mail, it probably came only it the late 70s and SMTP came only in
    1983, a decade after 'us'. [1] [2]

    I was surprised to find out that the Unix Real Time Reliable that was
    used by the Lucent 5ESS phone switch had sendmail in it. The machine did
    not have ethernet nor internet. I doubt it had unix accounts in normal
    usage, but I assume it could have them.


    Currently, in Linux, postfix does install a small sendmail binary that
    has the minimal support so that programs can keep using the ancient method.



    Of course, in many home systems this method is not configured and will fail.

    On this mixed Windows/Cygwin system I use ssmtp(8), a send-only
    sendmail emulator, to send e-mail (mostly administrative e-mail from shell-scripts).

    [1] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#History>
    [2] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UUCP#History>


    --
    Cheers, Carlos.
    ES??, EU??;

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.10
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)