• How to disable XMP on memory?

    From VanguardLH@3:633/10 to All on Tuesday, December 16, 2025 12:34:24
    Had a 4-piece paired set of 16 GB memory modules for a total of 64 GB.
    Worked fine for 6 years. Then one of them failed. Had errors during
    backups during verification step, and memtest86 failed it. GSkill
    replaced it, but warned that a single module even of the same model
    would have the same specs, but may not match perfectly with the original
    3 modules. Got the replacement, memtest86 said it passed, and it worked
    okay with the other 3 modules for a couple weeks. However, during that
    time, I did not power down the computer, or it wasn't powered off for
    more than a day. Went on vacation, and the computer was stuck in a loop
    with a "55" error message on an onboard LED status display. Looked it
    up, might've been a RAM issue, and took out the newly replace module
    (and another good one to keep DDR supported across the remaining 2
    modules), and the computer booted okay.

    My mobo (Asrock Taichi 390) has a BIOS setting for XMP which is to
    overclock the memory modules, but within the manufacturer's allowed
    spec. Figured I'd disable XMP to run the RAM at its rated spec, but the
    only 2 settings for XMP are Auto, and Profile 1 (XMP 2.0). Well, there
    is only 1 XMP profile, so Auto just picks that one. There is no setting
    to disable XMP to prevent overclocking.

    Any ideas on how to disable XMP to prevent overclocking the RAM? I have
    not yet tried going into the mobo's BIOS overclock settings to see if I
    can specify the clock and voltage on the RAM to see if my choices would override the XMP setting. Seems odd that XMP is available, but no way
    to overtly disable it.

    Possibly the 6-year mobo is aging on its voltage to the memory, and
    upping the RAM voltage might solve the problem, but I really don't want
    to overclock nor overvolt my setup.

    I'd like not to lose 16 GB of RAM by omitting the new replacement
    module. If that's my only choice, then I have to decide if DDR is worth
    some minor performance increase, or go with the 3 originally paired
    module to go with 48 GB of RAM.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Paul@3:633/10 to All on Tuesday, December 16, 2025 21:50:33
    On Tue, 12/16/2025 1:34 PM, VanguardLH wrote:
    Had a 4-piece paired set of 16 GB memory modules for a total of 64 GB.
    Worked fine for 6 years. Then one of them failed. Had errors during
    backups during verification step, and memtest86 failed it. GSkill
    replaced it, but warned that a single module even of the same model
    would have the same specs, but may not match perfectly with the original
    3 modules. Got the replacement, memtest86 said it passed, and it worked
    okay with the other 3 modules for a couple weeks. However, during that
    time, I did not power down the computer, or it wasn't powered off for
    more than a day. Went on vacation, and the computer was stuck in a loop
    with a "55" error message on an onboard LED status display. Looked it
    up, might've been a RAM issue, and took out the newly replace module
    (and another good one to keep DDR supported across the remaining 2
    modules), and the computer booted okay.

    My mobo (Asrock Taichi 390) has a BIOS setting for XMP which is to
    overclock the memory modules, but within the manufacturer's allowed
    spec. Figured I'd disable XMP to run the RAM at its rated spec, but the
    only 2 settings for XMP are Auto, and Profile 1 (XMP 2.0). Well, there
    is only 1 XMP profile, so Auto just picks that one. There is no setting
    to disable XMP to prevent overclocking.

    Any ideas on how to disable XMP to prevent overclocking the RAM? I have
    not yet tried going into the mobo's BIOS overclock settings to see if I
    can specify the clock and voltage on the RAM to see if my choices would override the XMP setting. Seems odd that XMP is available, but no way
    to overtly disable it.

    Possibly the 6-year mobo is aging on its voltage to the memory, and
    upping the RAM voltage might solve the problem, but I really don't want
    to overclock nor overvolt my setup.

    I'd like not to lose 16 GB of RAM by omitting the new replacement
    module. If that's my only choice, then I have to decide if DDR is worth
    some minor performance increase, or go with the 3 originally paired
    module to go with 48 GB of RAM.


    Auto is JEDEC, XMP is XMP.

    https://www.reddit.com/r/ASRock/comments/iaoz3e/how_do_i_disable_the_xmp_profile/

    "For example, my RAM has a listed speed of 3200Mhz on its packaging. But that is
    only when OC'ed, or Overclocked. Natively, AKA when the MoBo speed profile is
    set to Auto, my RAM will be utilized at 2133Mhz max. If I want it to run at
    the faster, overclocked speed of 3200Mhz, I must use XMP. XMP stands for
    Extensible Metadata Platform."

    *******

    First of all, check your motherboard for the ability to "record a profile".
    If you use custom settings, or if you have more than one experiment ongoing, you can do things like Load Profile 1 or Load Profile 2 or Load Profile 3
    at BIOS level, and those are stored the same way UEFI NVRAM is stored (BIOS chip).
    I have to remind you of that, because I was messing around with a computer here,
    flashed it, lost all my customization and then realized I'd never recorded whatever
    I had. It's good to plan ahead, if you have "something to lose" while experimenting.

    The next step, is to get a readout for system level.

    https://www.cpuid.com/softwares/cpu-z.html

    Scroll down to the four purple entries on the left.
    The ZIP English should be portable, so you can just keep
    a cpuz_x64.exe in your Downloads folder. It will keep a cpuz.ini
    for any settings it wants to carry from one session to the next.

    That's mainly to see if, like in the example paragraph above, the
    speed is 2133 in the Auto case and 3200 in the XMP case.

    You can attempt to use the Overclock controls, and select a memory
    speed there. For example, say I use the overclock to select 1866 speed,
    the "Auto-ness" of the BIOS will work out the correct CAS, tRCD and whatever else for you. There is no particular reason at this point, to be computing those values yourself. In the customization section (without looking at the manual),
    you might see Trcd and it might have a choice of "Auto" for example, which means the SPD table on the DIMM will be consulted and interpolation or extrapolation
    will be used as necessary to work out a correct value.

    *******

    As for your strategy, there are other ways to skin a cat.

    On a couple motherboards, I've had to bump the voltage to the
    IMC (Integrated Memory Controller in CPU) by one voltage division
    in the settings. That could be a 25 millivolt step. Usually there
    are colors associated with the voltage settings, and you can go
    up a number of steps in the Yellow without a problem. The Red color
    voltages are getting a bit too high for long term use. I have
    had good results correcting "marginal" errors on weak controllers.
    Like, say I get one error per day, bumping the memory controller
    internal operating voltage a bit might be enough. Sometimes, backing
    off on Trcd isn't enough, and the memory controller is the weak part
    rather than the DIMM.

    The memory controller could wear via ElectroMigration, but I don't
    think your processor would be a candidate for that excuse. Some of the
    AMD processors from their Global Foundry era, you could damage those
    by overclocking, and I would read reports of "uh, it won't even run
    stock any more". Other processors seem to be OK with a mild overclock
    and there isn't that issue of the processor getting weak as it ages.

    It's hard to say, as usual, what is going on when a memory fails.
    My voltage bump strategy is usually associated with Intel, but that
    does not mean that AMD could not have it happen. It hasn't happened
    here "this week" :-)

    Start with checking whether you can record a Profile at BIOS level, to
    save your settings if they are lost. Settings do not have to be
    compatible across BIOS updates, so a Profile is not "guaranteed"
    to work on a reload, but it usually works. And depending on how much
    cruft you've been switching off at BIOS level, it can save you some
    time when changing the BIOS battery or after a BIOS flashup.

    A BIOS flashup many not necessarily change your UEFI keys. The Secure Boot section has key management, and you can back up keys to a FAT formatted USB stick.
    I did that a week ago on the Big Machine, while trying to get the
    2023 Microsoft key into the key set. So a BIOS Profile is one thing,
    key management is a second issue (when say, an OS you install messes
    with the keys, you erase the OS in question, then restore the key set
    from your FAT USB key).

    XMP uses boosted voltage (it generally avoids going outside the datasheet
    limit value for the RAM pads). Auto will use a very mild boost (which is why turning down the speed is not as much of an advantage as you might think). Playing with the IMC voltage, might correct a very marginal situation,
    but then, you don't have a very good idea as to what margin exists after
    the correction. You can leave individual memory timings on Auto, so the
    JEDEC table in the SPD on the DIMM, those values will be used. You can
    use CPUZ to monitor what tRCD it happened to use, if you want to re-enter
    the BIOS and take manual control of one parameter. (It's hard for
    me to remember now, but the "timing" next to CAS, which I think tRCD is
    next, bumping that up by one [slower] is good for four DIMM loading.)

    Some BIOS offer two XMP settings. You would get Auto, XMP1, XMP2.
    The first profile is Command Rate 2 (conservative, extra setup time to clock), the second profile is Aggressive Command Rate 1 (pad must make setup time requirement, while bus is heavily loaded). They do not label the XMPs in
    that case as "Conservative" or "Aggressive" and only a memtest bandwidth measurement indicates what the profile is using in that case.

    If you are offered only one XMP, that should be a Command Rate 2 choice.
    I don't see much profit in offering the Aggressive one, as there isn't
    a lot of reason to think it would work (Intel has always liked CR2).
    My AMD offered CR1 and CR2, and they both work! I measured with Memtest
    and the proof of pudding is seeing an extra 2GB/sec in the mostly pointless bandwidth measurement. I turned it back to CR2 and use the Conservative setting. That should not wear anything particularly, but it does make
    it harder to have error free operation at bus timing level.

    Summary: You can turn the speed down, you can run Auto the first time,
    record tRCD, reenter BIOS, only modify tRCD by bumping up by
    one and retest. The other direction of play, is to look for
    a voltage section, take it off Green and use a bit of Yellow
    in the setting for the IMC voltage. We don't have any evidence
    at the moment that this is necessary. Only the chip select signal
    would be slot specific, if it is always the same slot that has
    a problem. If a channel has a problem, a lot more signals could
    have a bad pad driver on the CPU.

    When these things happen, it's really hard to say what is broken.
    Getting a replacement DIMM, and it not working, is a bit unusual.
    The "matched set" idea, I don't think there is a strong correlation
    with that, unless a company starts shipping untested memory or using
    their "bad bin" DIMMs to replace customer warranty items. I would have
    expected the errors to not favor just the one DIMM, and a bad DIMM
    to be replaced by a bad DIMM. But I suppose it could happen.

    Based on my AMD+DDR4 experience, I suspect the RAM chips used are
    excellent and don't really need a lot of speed test. Running CR1 and
    CR2 with four DIMMs ? Unheard of. How can that work??? That defies
    the observations of bus loading effect over the years. In the case
    of DDR5, we're back to the old rules again -- four sticks runs slow.
    Must back off on the clock speed in that case, and the BIOS does that
    for you.

    Paul





    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Mr. Man-wai Chang@3:633/10 to All on Wednesday, December 17, 2025 11:49:49
    On 17/12/2025 2:34 am, VanguardLH wrote:
    .... Got the replacement, memtest86 said it passed, and it worked
    okay with the other 3 modules for a couple weeks. However, during that
    time, I did not power down the computer, or it wasn't powered off for
    more than a day. Went on vacation, and the computer was stuck in a loop
    with a "55" error message on an onboard LED status display. Looked it
    up, might've been a RAM issue, and took out the newly replace module
    (and another good one to keep DDR supported across the remaining 2
    modules), and the computer booted okay.

    You talking about a Window$ lockup or MEMTest86? What OS and proggram
    were you running?? Was it really hardware that is the new DDR4 RAM?

    Mixing different brands and models of DDR4 could cause stability
    problem, even if XMP was not turned on. But not turning on XMP
    usually solved this problem, but you lost the max possible speed.

    --
    @~@ Simplicity is Beauty! Remain silent! Drink, Blink, Stretch!
    / v \ May the Force and farces be with you! Live long and prosper!!
    /( _ )\ https://sites.google.com/site/changmw/
    ^ ^ https://github.com/changmw/changmw

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From VanguardLH@3:633/10 to All on Tuesday, December 16, 2025 21:58:35
    Paul <nospam@needed.invalid> wrote:

    Auto is JEDEC, XMP is XMP.

    So, Auto is the SPD specs reported by the RAM? Auto is currently
    selected, but the memory profile listed is "Profile 1: XMP 2.0".

    I had it as Auto, but after a week of being powered down the mobo would
    no longer boot. It would show a 55 error, and restart without a chance
    of getting into the BIOS.

    If Auto means JEDEC (aka SPD) specs then I'm not overclocked now. Hmm,
    so much for figuring there was a speed or spec mismatch, however slight, between the original 3 (of the 4) modules with the new replacement
    module.

    I had cleared the CMOS copy of BIOS settings which should load the
    defaults just before I removed the 2 memory modules (the new replacement module, and an original module both of which tested okay with
    memtest86). So, I can't be sure it wasn't a reset to default BIOS
    settings, or removing the new replacement module (and an old module to
    keep even the module count to support DDR). I'll try reinstalling the 2 modules that I removed to get booting to work to see if it now reboots
    okay with all 4 modules.

    I can also run memtest86 again with all 4 modules installed to see if
    the computer boots okay now, and memtest86 says all modules pass. The
    BIOS reports what are the voltages, but I'm wondering how accurate that
    is. I have multimeters, but who know how accurate they are. I haven't
    dropped a multimeter at a calibration shop for several decades. Maybe
    the voltage regulators no longer actually produce the expected voltage.
    Why I considered looking at the OC settings to see how much I could
    increment the DRAM voltage. The mobo manual doesn't mention the
    increments for changing voltage.

    First of all, check your motherboard for the ability to "record a
    profile". If you use custom settings, or if you have more than one
    experiment ongoing, you can do things like Load Profile 1 or Load
    Profile 2 or Load Profile 3 at BIOS level, and those are stored the
    same way UEFI NVRAM is stored (BIOS chip). I have to remind you of
    that, because I was messing around with a computer here, flashed it,
    lost all my customization and then realized I'd never recorded
    whatever I had. It's good to plan ahead, if you have "something to
    lose" while experimenting.

    I recall something about multiple profiles, and maybe saving them, so I
    could try that. Maybe the saved profiles would tell what specs got
    saved in each one, so I could compare Auto to XMP to overclocked (well, underclocked/standard) values.

    The next step, is to get a readout for system level.

    https://www.cpuid.com/softwares/cpu-z.html

    Scroll down to the four purple entries on the left.
    The ZIP English should be portable, so you can just keep
    a cpuz_x64.exe in your Downloads folder. It will keep a cpuz.ini
    for any settings it wants to carry from one session to the next.

    There is actually an Asrock cutomized version of CPU-Z (2.14) and the classic/stock version (2.17) still in my Downloads folder. I grabbed
    the zip version (2.17) just now from their web site.

    The memory I bought was at Newegg, and listed at: https://www.newegg.com/g-skill-ripjaws-v-series-64gb-ddr4-3200-cas-latency-cl16-desktop-memory-black/p/N82E16820232092?Item=N82E16820232092

    CPU-Z's Memory tab doesn't list each module separately. It shows the following:

    General
    Type: DDR4
    Size: 32GB (only 2 modules currently installed out of 4)
    Channel#: Single (*)
    LLC/Ring: 3996.1 MHz (bounces around a few MHz)

    Timings
    DRAM frequency: 1065.1 MHz
    FSB:DRAM: 3:32
    CAS# latency: 15
    and other specs.

    (*) Might that be because the 2 modules remaining in the mobo slots are
    in the A1 and A2 slots instead of A1 and B1, or A2 and B2. So, I might
    not be in DDR mode at the moment.

    Under its SPD tab, I can pick each slot:

    Slot 1: DDR4 (UDIMM) Module size: 16 GB
    Bandwidth: DDR4-3200 (1600MHz) SPD: XMP 2.0 (**)
    Timings table:
    Shows different frequencies for:
    JEDEC #5: 1033 MHz (CAS 14.0)
    JEDEC #6: 1066 MHz (CAS 15.0)
    JEDEC #7: 1066 MHz (CAS 16.0)
    XMP-3200: 3200 MHz (CAS 16.0)
    From the bandwidth and SPD specs above, looks like Auto selected the XMP
    2.0 profile.

    (**) In the BIOS, Auto was selected yet it looks like XMP got used.

    You can attempt to use the Overclock controls, and select a memory
    speed there. For example, say I use the overclock to select 1866
    speed, the "Auto-ness" of the BIOS will work out the correct CAS,
    tRCD and whatever else for you. There is no particular reason at this
    point, to be computing those values yourself. In the customization
    section (without looking at the manual), you might see Trcd and it
    might have a choice of "Auto" for example, which means the SPD table
    on the DIMM will be consulted and interpolation or extrapolation will
    be used as necessary to work out a correct value.

    As for your strategy, there are other ways to skin a cat.

    On a couple motherboards, I've had to bump the voltage to the
    IMC (Integrated Memory Controller in CPU) by one voltage division
    in the settings. That could be a 25 millivolt step. Usually there
    are colors associated with the voltage settings, and you can go
    up a number of steps in the Yellow without a problem. The Red color
    voltages are getting a bit too high for long term use. I have
    had good results correcting "marginal" errors on weak controllers.
    Like, say I get one error per day, bumping the memory controller
    internal operating voltage a bit might be enough. Sometimes, backing
    off on Trcd isn't enough, and the memory controller is the weak part
    rather than the DIMM.

    The memory controller could wear via ElectroMigration, but I don't
    think your processor would be a candidate for that excuse. Some of the
    AMD processors from their Global Foundry era, you could damage those
    by overclocking, and I would read reports of "uh, it won't even run
    stock any more". Other processors seem to be OK with a mild overclock
    and there isn't that issue of the processor getting weak as it ages.

    It's hard to say, as usual, what is going on when a memory fails.
    My voltage bump strategy is usually associated with Intel, but that
    does not mean that AMD could not have it happen. It hasn't happened
    here "this week" :-)

    Start with checking whether you can record a Profile at BIOS level, to
    save your settings if they are lost. Settings do not have to be
    compatible across BIOS updates, so a Profile is not "guaranteed"
    to work on a reload, but it usually works. And depending on how much
    cruft you've been switching off at BIOS level, it can save you some
    time when changing the BIOS battery or after a BIOS flashup.

    A BIOS flashup many not necessarily change your UEFI keys. The Secure Boot section has key management, and you can back up keys to a FAT formatted USB stick.
    I did that a week ago on the Big Machine, while trying to get the
    2023 Microsoft key into the key set. So a BIOS Profile is one thing,
    key management is a second issue (when say, an OS you install messes
    with the keys, you erase the OS in question, then restore the key set
    from your FAT USB key).

    XMP uses boosted voltage (it generally avoids going outside the datasheet limit value for the RAM pads). Auto will use a very mild boost (which is why turning down the speed is not as much of an advantage as you might think). Playing with the IMC voltage, might correct a very marginal situation,
    but then, you don't have a very good idea as to what margin exists after
    the correction. You can leave individual memory timings on Auto, so the
    JEDEC table in the SPD on the DIMM, those values will be used. You can
    use CPUZ to monitor what tRCD it happened to use, if you want to re-enter
    the BIOS and take manual control of one parameter. (It's hard for
    me to remember now, but the "timing" next to CAS, which I think tRCD is
    next, bumping that up by one [slower] is good for four DIMM loading.)

    Some BIOS offer two XMP settings. You would get Auto, XMP1, XMP2.
    The first profile is Command Rate 2 (conservative, extra setup time to clock),
    the second profile is Aggressive Command Rate 1 (pad must make setup time requirement, while bus is heavily loaded). They do not label the XMPs in
    that case as "Conservative" or "Aggressive" and only a memtest bandwidth measurement indicates what the profile is using in that case.

    If you are offered only one XMP, that should be a Command Rate 2 choice.
    I don't see much profit in offering the Aggressive one, as there isn't
    a lot of reason to think it would work (Intel has always liked CR2).
    My AMD offered CR1 and CR2, and they both work! I measured with Memtest
    and the proof of pudding is seeing an extra 2GB/sec in the mostly pointless bandwidth measurement. I turned it back to CR2 and use the Conservative setting. That should not wear anything particularly, but it does make
    it harder to have error free operation at bus timing level.

    Summary: You can turn the speed down, you can run Auto the first time,
    record tRCD, reenter BIOS, only modify tRCD by bumping up by
    one and retest. The other direction of play, is to look for
    a voltage section, take it off Green and use a bit of Yellow
    in the setting for the IMC voltage. We don't have any evidence
    at the moment that this is necessary. Only the chip select signal
    would be slot specific, if it is always the same slot that has
    a problem. If a channel has a problem, a lot more signals could
    have a bad pad driver on the CPU.

    When these things happen, it's really hard to say what is broken.
    Getting a replacement DIMM, and it not working, is a bit unusual.
    The "matched set" idea, I don't think there is a strong correlation
    with that, unless a company starts shipping untested memory or using
    their "bad bin" DIMMs to replace customer warranty items. I would have
    expected the errors to not favor just the one DIMM, and a bad DIMM
    to be replaced by a bad DIMM. But I suppose it could happen.

    Based on my AMD+DDR4 experience, I suspect the RAM chips used are
    excellent and don't really need a lot of speed test. Running CR1 and
    CR2 with four DIMMs ? Unheard of. How can that work??? That defies
    the observations of bus loading effect over the years. In the case
    of DDR5, we're back to the old rules again -- four sticks runs slow.
    Must back off on the clock speed in that case, and the BIOS does that
    for you.

    CPU-Z listed a tRC value for each module occupying a slot, but not a
    tRCD value. Back under its Memory tab, "RAS# to CAS# Delay (tRCD)" is
    listed, and at 15.0 clocks which matches on the above per-module timings
    of "JEDEC #6: 1066 MHz (CAS 15.0)". So, now I'm confused if XMP2.0 is
    being used as shown per module under the SPD tab, or if JEDEC #6 is
    being used as the real SPD values the BIOS uses. The mobo manual under
    OC settings mentions a tRCDtRP described as "Row Precharge: The number
    of clock cycles required between the issuing of the precharge command
    and opening the next row."

    At this point after powering off (yanking the power cord, too), I'll
    first move the working 2 modules into slots A1 and B1, and check with
    CPU-Z if it shows Channel # as dual (which I presume means DDR mode).
    I'd like to get back DDR mode. Per the mobo manual:

    Dual Channel Memory Configuration
    Priority DDR4_A1 DDR4_A2 DDR4_B1 DDR4_B2
    1 Populated Populated
    2 Populated Populated Populated Populated

    Looks like slots A2 and B2 for now with only 2 modules to get DDR mode.
    So, I'll move the one in A1 over to B2 giving me A2 and B2 populated.
    Then check if CPU-Z says dual or DDR for Channel # under its Memory tab.

    It's confusing if the BIOS' Auto mode is using SPD with JEDEC or XMP.
    Under CPU-Z's SPD tab, it shows SPD ext = XMP 2.0, and that's with the
    BIOS configured to Auto. Could be this Asrock mobo with its easy
    settings doesn't let me get away from XMP. That's why I figure I may
    have to use the overclock tweaks to override. But first I'll experiment
    with bumping the DRAM voltage. With all 4 slots populated, maybe the
    voltage regulators just can't pump out as much as current as they used
    to.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From VanguardLH@3:633/10 to All on Tuesday, December 16, 2025 22:31:30
    "Mr. Man-wai Chang" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> wrote:

    On 17/12/2025 2:34 am, VanguardLH wrote:
    .... Got the replacement, memtest86 said it passed, and it worked
    okay with the other 3 modules for a couple weeks. However, during that
    time, I did not power down the computer, or it wasn't powered off for
    more than a day. Went on vacation, and the computer was stuck in a loop
    with a "55" error message on an onboard LED status display. Looked it
    up, might've been a RAM issue, and took out the newly replace module
    (and another good one to keep DDR supported across the remaining 2
    modules), and the computer booted okay.

    You talking about a Window$ lockup or MEMTest86? What OS and proggram
    were you running?? Was it really hardware that is the new DDR4 RAM?

    OS and BIOS not even involved. Cannot get to BIOS and even less to OS.
    When booting, a LED status readout shows 55 which indicates something
    wrong with RAM, then the computer restarts. It is stuck in a tight loop
    about a RAM error, so I couldn't even get in BIOS settings.

    Mixing different brands and models of DDR4 could cause stability
    problem, even if XMP was not turned on. But not turning on XMP
    usually solved this problem, but you lost the max possible speed.

    As mentioned, not mixing different brands or even different models
    within a brand. Original a 4-pc set of memory modules were purchased.
    One module went bad, and got warranty replaced with the same brand and
    model. Memtest86 passed all 4 modules, including with the new
    replacement module.

    In the discussion with Paul in another subthread, getting out of XMP (overclocking) mode may not be possible in the BIOS using the easy
    settings. Whether I picked Auto or the XMP profile (there was only 1),
    looks like the mobo forces XMP mode; i.e., Auto picks XMP 2.0, and my
    other choice is an XMP 2.0 profile. May have to go into the overclock
    settings in BIOS to force the mobo to stop using XMP mode, and possibly
    bump the DRAM voltage since all 4 slots are populated (more load on the
    same voltage bus).

    Worked for 6 years, a module went bad, got an exact replacement, all 4 populating all 4 slots passed memtest86, worked okay for a couple weeks, powered down for a week, came back, and was stuck in a very tight boot
    fail loop that never approached letting me get into the BIOS (so
    obviously no OS never yet got involved).

    From my reading, DDR (dual-channel) mode is more important for
    performance than is XMP. I'll have to configure the memory modules in
    the correct mobo slots to get DDR mode. That means using only 2 of the
    4 16GB modules dropping me from 64GB to 32GB. If I try using a 3rd one
    from the original 4-pc set, I'll lose DDR mode. In losing 1 module, I
    actually lose 2 while trying to keep DDR mode.

    Compared to DDR mode, XMP's performance boost is minimal. There isn't
    much I run that would have a perceptible performance gain with XMP. I
    play few video games, and they don't tax the CPU, GPU, or memory. First
    is to reconfigure to get DDR mode active. That'll use 2 modules in the
    proper slots on the mobo. Then I'll play with all 4 modules, but I'd
    like the BIOS to use the JEDEC specs from SPD instead XMP specs from SPD
    on the memory modules. I'd have DDR, and no overlocking of the DRAM.
    However, I may have to tweak the DRAM voltage a step up with all 4 slots populated. It ran okay with the SPD XMP settings for 6 years, but
    electronics will fatigue over time, like voltage regulators not pumping
    out enough current resulting in lowered voltages. My multimeters are
    not sufficiently accurate nor certified to ensure any voltage I measure
    are accurate compared to what the BIOS reports, but then voltage
    monitoring by the mobo might not be super accurate, either.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Paul@3:633/10 to All on Wednesday, December 17, 2025 00:17:21
    On Tue, 12/16/2025 10:58 PM, VanguardLH wrote:
    Paul <nospam@needed.invalid> wrote:

    Auto is JEDEC, XMP is XMP.

    So, Auto is the SPD specs reported by the RAM? Auto is currently
    selected, but the memory profile listed is "Profile 1: XMP 2.0".

    I had it as Auto, but after a week of being powered down the mobo would
    no longer boot. It would show a 55 error, and restart without a chance
    of getting into the BIOS.

    If Auto means JEDEC (aka SPD) specs then I'm not overclocked now. Hmm,
    so much for figuring there was a speed or spec mismatch, however slight, between the original 3 (of the 4) modules with the new replacement
    module.

    I had cleared the CMOS copy of BIOS settings which should load the
    defaults just before I removed the 2 memory modules (the new replacement module, and an original module both of which tested okay with
    memtest86). So, I can't be sure it wasn't a reset to default BIOS
    settings, or removing the new replacement module (and an old module to
    keep even the module count to support DDR). I'll try reinstalling the 2 modules that I removed to get booting to work to see if it now reboots
    okay with all 4 modules.

    I can also run memtest86 again with all 4 modules installed to see if
    the computer boots okay now, and memtest86 says all modules pass. The
    BIOS reports what are the voltages, but I'm wondering how accurate that
    is. I have multimeters, but who know how accurate they are. I haven't dropped a multimeter at a calibration shop for several decades. Maybe
    the voltage regulators no longer actually produce the expected voltage.
    Why I considered looking at the OC settings to see how much I could
    increment the DRAM voltage. The mobo manual doesn't mention the
    increments for changing voltage.

    First of all, check your motherboard for the ability to "record a
    profile". If you use custom settings, or if you have more than one
    experiment ongoing, you can do things like Load Profile 1 or Load
    Profile 2 or Load Profile 3 at BIOS level, and those are stored the
    same way UEFI NVRAM is stored (BIOS chip). I have to remind you of
    that, because I was messing around with a computer here, flashed it,
    lost all my customization and then realized I'd never recorded
    whatever I had. It's good to plan ahead, if you have "something to
    lose" while experimenting.

    I recall something about multiple profiles, and maybe saving them, so I
    could try that. Maybe the saved profiles would tell what specs got
    saved in each one, so I could compare Auto to XMP to overclocked (well, underclocked/standard) values.

    The next step, is to get a readout for system level.

    https://www.cpuid.com/softwares/cpu-z.html

    Scroll down to the four purple entries on the left.
    The ZIP English should be portable, so you can just keep
    a cpuz_x64.exe in your Downloads folder. It will keep a cpuz.ini
    for any settings it wants to carry from one session to the next.

    There is actually an Asrock cutomized version of CPU-Z (2.14) and the classic/stock version (2.17) still in my Downloads folder. I grabbed
    the zip version (2.17) just now from their web site.

    The memory I bought was at Newegg, and listed at: https://www.newegg.com/g-skill-ripjaws-v-series-64gb-ddr4-3200-cas-latency-cl16-desktop-memory-black/p/N82E16820232092?Item=N82E16820232092

    CPU-Z's Memory tab doesn't list each module separately. It shows the following:

    General
    Type: DDR4
    Size: 32GB (only 2 modules currently installed out of 4)
    Channel#: Single (*)
    LLC/Ring: 3996.1 MHz (bounces around a few MHz)

    Timings
    DRAM frequency: 1065.1 MHz
    FSB:DRAM: 3:32
    CAS# latency: 15
    and other specs.

    (*) Might that be because the 2 modules remaining in the mobo slots are
    in the A1 and A2 slots instead of A1 and B1, or A2 and B2. So, I might
    not be in DDR mode at the moment.

    Under its SPD tab, I can pick each slot:

    Slot 1: DDR4 (UDIMM) Module size: 16 GB
    Bandwidth: DDR4-3200 (1600MHz) SPD: XMP 2.0 (**)
    Timings table:
    Shows different frequencies for:
    JEDEC #5: 1033 MHz (CAS 14.0)
    JEDEC #6: 1066 MHz (CAS 15.0)
    JEDEC #7: 1066 MHz (CAS 16.0)
    XMP-3200: 3200 MHz (CAS 16.0)
    From the bandwidth and SPD specs above, looks like Auto selected the XMP
    2.0 profile.

    (**) In the BIOS, Auto was selected yet it looks like XMP got used.

    You can attempt to use the Overclock controls, and select a memory
    speed there. For example, say I use the overclock to select 1866
    speed, the "Auto-ness" of the BIOS will work out the correct CAS,
    tRCD and whatever else for you. There is no particular reason at this
    point, to be computing those values yourself. In the customization
    section (without looking at the manual), you might see Trcd and it
    might have a choice of "Auto" for example, which means the SPD table
    on the DIMM will be consulted and interpolation or extrapolation will
    be used as necessary to work out a correct value.

    As for your strategy, there are other ways to skin a cat.

    On a couple motherboards, I've had to bump the voltage to the
    IMC (Integrated Memory Controller in CPU) by one voltage division
    in the settings. That could be a 25 millivolt step. Usually there
    are colors associated with the voltage settings, and you can go
    up a number of steps in the Yellow without a problem. The Red color
    voltages are getting a bit too high for long term use. I have
    had good results correcting "marginal" errors on weak controllers.
    Like, say I get one error per day, bumping the memory controller
    internal operating voltage a bit might be enough. Sometimes, backing
    off on Trcd isn't enough, and the memory controller is the weak part
    rather than the DIMM.

    The memory controller could wear via ElectroMigration, but I don't
    think your processor would be a candidate for that excuse. Some of the
    AMD processors from their Global Foundry era, you could damage those
    by overclocking, and I would read reports of "uh, it won't even run
    stock any more". Other processors seem to be OK with a mild overclock
    and there isn't that issue of the processor getting weak as it ages.

    It's hard to say, as usual, what is going on when a memory fails.
    My voltage bump strategy is usually associated with Intel, but that
    does not mean that AMD could not have it happen. It hasn't happened
    here "this week" :-)

    Start with checking whether you can record a Profile at BIOS level, to
    save your settings if they are lost. Settings do not have to be
    compatible across BIOS updates, so a Profile is not "guaranteed"
    to work on a reload, but it usually works. And depending on how much
    cruft you've been switching off at BIOS level, it can save you some
    time when changing the BIOS battery or after a BIOS flashup.

    A BIOS flashup many not necessarily change your UEFI keys. The Secure Boot >> section has key management, and you can back up keys to a FAT formatted USB stick.
    I did that a week ago on the Big Machine, while trying to get the
    2023 Microsoft key into the key set. So a BIOS Profile is one thing,
    key management is a second issue (when say, an OS you install messes
    with the keys, you erase the OS in question, then restore the key set
    from your FAT USB key).

    XMP uses boosted voltage (it generally avoids going outside the datasheet
    limit value for the RAM pads). Auto will use a very mild boost (which is why >> turning down the speed is not as much of an advantage as you might think). >> Playing with the IMC voltage, might correct a very marginal situation,
    but then, you don't have a very good idea as to what margin exists after
    the correction. You can leave individual memory timings on Auto, so the
    JEDEC table in the SPD on the DIMM, those values will be used. You can
    use CPUZ to monitor what tRCD it happened to use, if you want to re-enter
    the BIOS and take manual control of one parameter. (It's hard for
    me to remember now, but the "timing" next to CAS, which I think tRCD is
    next, bumping that up by one [slower] is good for four DIMM loading.)

    Some BIOS offer two XMP settings. You would get Auto, XMP1, XMP2.
    The first profile is Command Rate 2 (conservative, extra setup time to clock),
    the second profile is Aggressive Command Rate 1 (pad must make setup time
    requirement, while bus is heavily loaded). They do not label the XMPs in
    that case as "Conservative" or "Aggressive" and only a memtest bandwidth
    measurement indicates what the profile is using in that case.

    If you are offered only one XMP, that should be a Command Rate 2 choice.
    I don't see much profit in offering the Aggressive one, as there isn't
    a lot of reason to think it would work (Intel has always liked CR2).
    My AMD offered CR1 and CR2, and they both work! I measured with Memtest
    and the proof of pudding is seeing an extra 2GB/sec in the mostly pointless >> bandwidth measurement. I turned it back to CR2 and use the Conservative
    setting. That should not wear anything particularly, but it does make
    it harder to have error free operation at bus timing level.

    Summary: You can turn the speed down, you can run Auto the first time,
    record tRCD, reenter BIOS, only modify tRCD by bumping up by
    one and retest. The other direction of play, is to look for
    a voltage section, take it off Green and use a bit of Yellow
    in the setting for the IMC voltage. We don't have any evidence
    at the moment that this is necessary. Only the chip select signal >> would be slot specific, if it is always the same slot that has
    a problem. If a channel has a problem, a lot more signals could
    have a bad pad driver on the CPU.

    When these things happen, it's really hard to say what is broken. >> Getting a replacement DIMM, and it not working, is a bit unusual. >> The "matched set" idea, I don't think there is a strong correlation >> with that, unless a company starts shipping untested memory or using
    their "bad bin" DIMMs to replace customer warranty items. I would have
    expected the errors to not favor just the one DIMM, and a bad DIMM >> to be replaced by a bad DIMM. But I suppose it could happen.

    Based on my AMD+DDR4 experience, I suspect the RAM chips used are >> excellent and don't really need a lot of speed test. Running CR1 and
    CR2 with four DIMMs ? Unheard of. How can that work??? That defies >> the observations of bus loading effect over the years. In the case >> of DDR5, we're back to the old rules again -- four sticks runs slow.
    Must back off on the clock speed in that case, and the BIOS does that
    for you.

    CPU-Z listed a tRC value for each module occupying a slot, but not a
    tRCD value. Back under its Memory tab, "RAS# to CAS# Delay (tRCD)" is listed, and at 15.0 clocks which matches on the above per-module timings
    of "JEDEC #6: 1066 MHz (CAS 15.0)". So, now I'm confused if XMP2.0 is
    being used as shown per module under the SPD tab, or if JEDEC #6 is
    being used as the real SPD values the BIOS uses. The mobo manual under
    OC settings mentions a tRCDtRP described as "Row Precharge: The number
    of clock cycles required between the issuing of the precharge command
    and opening the next row."

    At this point after powering off (yanking the power cord, too), I'll
    first move the working 2 modules into slots A1 and B1, and check with
    CPU-Z if it shows Channel # as dual (which I presume means DDR mode).
    I'd like to get back DDR mode. Per the mobo manual:

    Dual Channel Memory Configuration
    Priority DDR4_A1 DDR4_A2 DDR4_B1 DDR4_B2
    1 Populated Populated
    2 Populated Populated Populated Populated

    Looks like slots A2 and B2 for now with only 2 modules to get DDR mode.
    So, I'll move the one in A1 over to B2 giving me A2 and B2 populated.
    Then check if CPU-Z says dual or DDR for Channel # under its Memory tab.

    It's confusing if the BIOS' Auto mode is using SPD with JEDEC or XMP.
    Under CPU-Z's SPD tab, it shows SPD ext = XMP 2.0, and that's with the
    BIOS configured to Auto. Could be this Asrock mobo with its easy
    settings doesn't let me get away from XMP. That's why I figure I may
    have to use the overclock tweaks to override. But first I'll experiment
    with bumping the DRAM voltage. With all 4 slots populated, maybe the
    voltage regulators just can't pump out as much as current as they used
    to.


    The design intent of modern motherboards is:

    1) Customer receives parts. Customer assembles. System starts with *JEDEC* settings.
    2) Customer wishes to receive "full speed". Customer selects "XMP" in BIOS.

    If the CMOS is reset, we return to (1) which is a "known stable"
    setting, and allows the user to enter the BIOS... and select XMP
    if they want, or the user can Load Profile 1 that happened to have
    XMP set in it, and get back to their <cough> overclock setup.

    The RAM you've got, is normally very good, and it likely does not
    even have to be speed-tested at the factory. Other than stuck-at
    faults in the memory, it more or less "Just Works".

    The CPUZ has a memory tab. This is where you look for a JEDEC or XMP speed...

    DRAM Frequency 1593 MHz (close to DDR4-3200 rate)
    ...
    CAS (CL) 16
    RAStoCAS (tRCD) 18
    RAS Precharge (tRP) 18
    Cycle Time (tRAS) 38
    Bank Cycle Time (tRC) 74
    Command rate (CR) 1

    The SPD shows a menu entry for each DIMM. The "slowest" DIMM
    determines the timing used for all DIMMs. A faster DIMM can be
    run at a slower speed. The Optiplex DDR3 machine, runs the
    enthusiast DIMMs I put in it, at lethargic speed (the JEDEC
    speed of its era).

    The JEDEC entries are 1.20V. The XPM is 1.35V.

    The tiny eight pin voltage regulators are quite accurate.
    With the multimeter one day, I recorded "2.000V" on the display.
    They are no longer sad examples of electrical engineering,
    they're pretty good. Most of these will be switchers, due to
    the level of current flow required. A step size of 25mV would
    not be unheard of, for some of them.

    If you go into the Overclock section and set a memory speed,
    then via "Auto" for the various individual timings, it should figure out
    a JEDEC-based value for the thing. You will have to play it
    by ear, inside the BIOS, to see if forcing it to do something,
    is reflected in the choices in some of the other BIOS pages.

    Paul


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Paul@3:633/10 to All on Wednesday, December 17, 2025 00:28:25
    On Tue, 12/16/2025 11:31 PM, VanguardLH wrote:
    "Mr. Man-wai Chang" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> wrote:

    On 17/12/2025 2:34 am, VanguardLH wrote:
    .... Got the replacement, memtest86 said it passed, and it worked
    okay with the other 3 modules for a couple weeks. However, during that
    time, I did not power down the computer, or it wasn't powered off for
    more than a day. Went on vacation, and the computer was stuck in a loop >>> with a "55" error message on an onboard LED status display. Looked it
    up, might've been a RAM issue, and took out the newly replace module
    (and another good one to keep DDR supported across the remaining 2
    modules), and the computer booted okay.

    You talking about a Window$ lockup or MEMTest86? What OS and proggram
    were you running?? Was it really hardware that is the new DDR4 RAM?

    OS and BIOS not even involved. Cannot get to BIOS and even less to OS.
    When booting, a LED status readout shows 55 which indicates something
    wrong with RAM, then the computer restarts. It is stuck in a tight loop about a RAM error, so I couldn't even get in BIOS settings.

    Mixing different brands and models of DDR4 could cause stability
    problem, even if XMP was not turned on. But not turning on XMP
    usually solved this problem, but you lost the max possible speed.

    As mentioned, not mixing different brands or even different models
    within a brand. Original a 4-pc set of memory modules were purchased.
    One module went bad, and got warranty replaced with the same brand and
    model. Memtest86 passed all 4 modules, including with the new
    replacement module.

    In the discussion with Paul in another subthread, getting out of XMP (overclocking) mode may not be possible in the BIOS using the easy
    settings. Whether I picked Auto or the XMP profile (there was only 1),
    looks like the mobo forces XMP mode; i.e., Auto picks XMP 2.0, and my
    other choice is an XMP 2.0 profile. May have to go into the overclock settings in BIOS to force the mobo to stop using XMP mode, and possibly
    bump the DRAM voltage since all 4 slots are populated (more load on the
    same voltage bus).

    Worked for 6 years, a module went bad, got an exact replacement, all 4 populating all 4 slots passed memtest86, worked okay for a couple weeks, powered down for a week, came back, and was stuck in a very tight boot
    fail loop that never approached letting me get into the BIOS (so
    obviously no OS never yet got involved).

    From my reading, DDR (dual-channel) mode is more important for
    performance than is XMP. I'll have to configure the memory modules in
    the correct mobo slots to get DDR mode. That means using only 2 of the
    4 16GB modules dropping me from 64GB to 32GB. If I try using a 3rd one
    from the original 4-pc set, I'll lose DDR mode. In losing 1 module, I actually lose 2 while trying to keep DDR mode.

    Compared to DDR mode, XMP's performance boost is minimal. There isn't
    much I run that would have a perceptible performance gain with XMP. I
    play few video games, and they don't tax the CPU, GPU, or memory. First
    is to reconfigure to get DDR mode active. That'll use 2 modules in the proper slots on the mobo. Then I'll play with all 4 modules, but I'd
    like the BIOS to use the JEDEC specs from SPD instead XMP specs from SPD
    on the memory modules. I'd have DDR, and no overlocking of the DRAM. However, I may have to tweak the DRAM voltage a step up with all 4 slots populated. It ran okay with the SPD XMP settings for 6 years, but electronics will fatigue over time, like voltage regulators not pumping
    out enough current resulting in lowered voltages. My multimeters are
    not sufficiently accurate nor certified to ensure any voltage I measure
    are accurate compared to what the BIOS reports, but then voltage
    monitoring by the mobo might not be super accurate, either.


    According to this (no cite or trace-ability), "55" is "Ram Not Installed".

    https://forum.asrock.com/forum_posts.asp?TID=10443&title=z390-taichi-ultimate-stuck-on-error-code-55

    No one replied. This is the same poster by the looks of it, over on Toms.

    https://forums.tomshardware.com/threads/z390-taichi-ultimate-stuck-on-error-55.3415847/#post-20713743

    Keep your memory sticks labeled.

    You may need to drop to one stick, put it on the end of a channel (the manual should list the correct RAM slot for a single stick), and try and bring up
    the motherboard that way.

    You have to be careful about the power state of the equipment when working
    on it, and being mindful about ESD, for best results. Clearing CMOs for example, it's not a good idea for a system to be powered when doing that.

    This same warning goes with ECC memory. If you buy four 32GB ECC sticks,
    you should buy a fifth stick, an 8GB non-ECC stick. When the computer fouls
    up and won't work with the ECC, you put in the "small non-ECC stick" and
    that helps recover the system. For the regular RAM you are using, dropping
    to one stick of the regular RAM, is the best you can do.

    Paul


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Mr. Man-wai Chang@3:633/10 to All on Wednesday, December 17, 2025 13:41:08
    On 17/12/2025 12:31 pm, VanguardLH wrote:

    As mentioned, not mixing different brands or even different models
    within a brand. Original a 4-pc set of memory modules were purchased.
    One module went bad, and got warranty replaced with the same brand and
    model. Memtest86 passed all 4 modules, including with the new
    replacement module.

    Replacement RAM might have (slightly?) different timing from the one you purchased eariler. Production lines and components change from time to time.


    In the discussion with Paul in another subthread, getting out of XMP (overclocking) mode may not be possible in the BIOS using the easy
    settings. Whether I picked Auto or the XMP profile (there was only 1),
    looks like the mobo forces XMP mode; i.e., Auto picks XMP 2.0, and my
    other choice is an XMP 2.0 profile. May have to go into the overclock settings in BIOS to force the mobo to stop using XMP mode, and possibly
    bump the DRAM voltage since all 4 slots are populated (more load on the
    same voltage bus).

    Did you forget the good, old method called Clear CMOS? That's the best
    method to reinstall all RAM modules, and maybe everything.

    --
    @~@ Simplicity is Beauty! Remain silent! Drink, Blink, Stretch!
    / v \ May the Force and farces be with you! Live long and prosper!!
    /( _ )\ https://sites.google.com/site/changmw/
    ^ ^ https://github.com/changmw/changmw

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Paul@3:633/10 to All on Wednesday, December 17, 2025 04:51:23
    On Wed, 12/17/2025 12:41 AM, Mr. Man-wai Chang wrote:

    Replacement RAM might have (slightly?) different timing from the one you purchased eariler. Production lines and components change from time to time.

    Did you forget the good, old method called Clear CMOS? That's the best
    method to reinstall all RAM modules, and maybe everything.


    There are multiple SKUs with 16 18 18 38 timing.

    DDR4 3200 (PC4 25600)
    Timing 16-18-18-38
    CAS Latency CL16
    Voltage 1.35V

    I believe I have modules from the same family as Van.
    We could swap modules between us, and I would expect
    the RAM to work just as nicely as it does now. That
    stuff is really "magical RAM" as far as RAM goes.

    Van needs to check that it isn't running over 3200, and
    investigate in the Overclock section, Memory section,
    to make sure the memclock is set correctly (for whatever
    speed is to be attempted). The difference between XMP
    and not-XMP, is the voltage is 1.35V for the first case,
    and 1.20V for the second case. That RAM is good enough,
    I would expect it to *still* be able to do 3200, even
    at 1.2V.

    When selecting a clock, 3200 would be 1600 for the clock.
    Using JEDEC 2133 would be 1066 for the clock.

    *******

    CMOS should be cleared with the cord unplugged.

    Intel put a RESET signal on one of the chips, to be
    used instead of the "power-shorting method" used on
    motherboards. But designers of the motherboards don't
    like that method (it could be wasting coin cell battery
    life), and they still use the traditional clearing method.

    If you don't unplug the power cord, you risk burning the
    BAT54 ORing diode (has three legs, looks like a SOT23
    transistor).

    Van is getting an error of "55", which is apparently
    "RAM not found", and this implies something is seriously
    wrong now. It's possible no user-level tricks will
    fix this. We'll see I guess.

    The error is not likely to be exactly the situation
    on the ground, but we have to work with the information
    the board gives us.

    The report says that flashing up the Asrock BIOS does
    not help for this problem. And when things like this happen,
    it seldom turns out to be a bent pin or so. On the triple
    channel motherboards, it was some voltage that was not
    correct. But since you can't get into the BIOS when
    a "55" error occurs, you cannot exactly modify the voltage
    as a result.

    Paul

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Mr. Man-wai Chang@3:633/10 to All on Wednesday, December 17, 2025 18:58:23
    On 17/12/2025 5:51 pm, Paul wrote:


    Van is getting an error of "55", which is apparently
    "RAM not found", and this implies something is seriously
    wrong now. It's possible no user-level tricks will
    fix this. We'll see I guess.

    Clearing CMOS usually turn off all overclocking settings and set all
    DDR4 slots back to JDEC (no XMP). The debug LED might be wrong.

    I admit that I have never used expensive boards that have debug LEDs. :)

    --
    @~@ Simplicity is Beauty! Remain silent! Drink, Blink, Stretch!
    / v \ May the Force and farces be with you! Live long and prosper!!
    /( _ )\ https://sites.google.com/site/changmw/
    ^ ^ https://github.com/changmw/changmw

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From VanguardLH@3:633/10 to All on Wednesday, December 17, 2025 06:16:46
    "Mr. Man-wai Chang" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> wrote:

    Paul wrote:

    Van is getting an error of "55", which is apparently "RAM not found",
    and this implies something is seriously wrong now. It's possible no
    user-level tricks will fix this. We'll see I guess.

    Clearing CMOS usually turn off all overclocking settings and set all
    DDR4 slots back to JDEC (no XMP). The debug LED might be wrong.

    I admit that I have never used expensive boards that have debug LEDs. :)

    The status LED mostly shows 55 when the computer was quick cycling (not
    even getting to where I could enter the BIOS screens). However,
    sometimes it showed 7F. When starting up, the LED flashes between
    several codes, but I'm not sure which are valid since the LED elements
    are just flickering alot which might look like codes. It did once or
    twice show 7F (before restarting) which means "Chipset initialization
    error. Please press reset or clear CMOS" (that's a push button in the
    rear pannel). There is a 2-pin CMOS header to short, but I use the
    button to clear CMOS.

    The 55 error ("The Memory could not be detected.") which goes away after yanking out the modules in the last 2 slots makes me a suspect an aging
    problem with the mobo. Currently I degraded to 2 sticks in the first 2
    slots (A1 and A2), but that is not a valid config to support DDR. I'll
    move the stick from A1 to B2 since A2+B2 is what they say to use with 2
    sticks to get DDR mode. That will include the 3rd slot where was the replacement memory module. Then I'll run memtest86 on the 2-stick 32 GB
    A2+B2 setup. Then I'll try with all 4 slots populated (CMOS has already
    been cleared), and run memtest86 again. But memtest86 passed all 4
    sticks a couple weeks ago after I got the replacement memory module.

    CMOS has already been cleared. The only change I then made in the BIOS
    was to get rid of the Asrock banner page that obliterates the POST
    screen which I'd rather see during boot. It was quite evident the CMOS
    clear happened, because I used to have BIOS configure for a system
    password; i.e., I needed to enter a password to get further than the
    boot, and start loading the OS. Now the system password isn't required anymore, and I might leave it that way. It was assurance that
    regardless how the OS was configured to retry a failed boot that the
    computer wouldn't end up keep cycling on a failed boot (by hardware, or
    with the OS or whatever it loaded).

    Ah, I forgot something when I performed the annual dusting out of the
    computer using compressed air cans. My house is dusty, and had pets
    until recently. I forgot to replace the CR2032 CMOS battery. It was in
    my notes reminding me of the yearly clean, but I forgot to replace it.
    If a CMOS clear was what actually ended up fixing my setup, maybe the
    CMOS coin cell battery is weak, and settings got corrupted in the the
    CMOS copy of the BIOS EEPROM settings after a week without any power.
    It's the CMOS copy used on boot. I just remembered that I forgot to
    replace the CR2032 coin cell battery. I replace at about 3-year
    intervals although the battery should be good for 5 years.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Mr. Man-wai Chang@3:633/10 to All on Wednesday, December 17, 2025 21:15:56
    On 17/12/2025 8:16 pm, VanguardLH wrote:

    Ah, I forgot something when I performed the annual dusting out of the computer using compressed air cans. My house is dusty, and had pets
    until recently. I forgot to replace the CR2032 CMOS battery. It was in
    my notes reminding me of the yearly clean, but I forgot to replace it.
    If a CMOS clear was what actually ended up fixing my setup, maybe the
    CMOS coin cell battery is weak, and settings got corrupted in the the
    CMOS copy of the BIOS EEPROM settings after a week without any power.
    It's the CMOS copy used on boot. I just remembered that I forgot to
    replace the CR2032 coin cell battery. I replace at about 3-year
    intervals although the battery should be good for 5 years.


    This one sometimes haunted me as well. We don't usually remember things
    like this after getting used to years of successful BIOS boot. :)

    --
    @~@ Simplicity is Beauty! Remain silent! Drink, Blink, Stretch!
    / v \ May the Force and farces be with you! Live long and prosper!!
    /( _ )\ https://sites.google.com/site/changmw/
    ^ ^ https://github.com/changmw/changmw

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Mr. Man-wai Chang@3:633/10 to All on Wednesday, December 17, 2025 21:24:02
    On 17/12/2025 8:16 pm, VanguardLH wrote:

    The 55 error ("The Memory could not be detected.") which goes away after yanking out the modules in the last 2 slots makes me a suspect an aging problem with the mobo. Currently I degraded to 2 sticks in the first 2
    slots (A1 and A2), but that is not a valid config to support DDR. I'll
    move the stick from A1 to B2 since A2+B2 is what they say to use with 2 sticks to get DDR mode. That will include the 3rd slot where was the replacement memory module. Then I'll run memtest86 on the 2-stick 32 GB A2+B2 setup. Then I'll try with all 4 slots populated (CMOS has already
    been cleared), and run memtest86 again. But memtest86 passed all 4
    sticks a couple weeks ago after I got the replacement memory module.

    Just go back to basics, start with 1 stick of DDR, then 2, then 3 and 4.
    Check the motherboard manual (maybe via manufacturer's website) if you
    forgot how to use dual-channel.

    --
    @~@ Simplicity is Beauty! Remain silent! Drink, Blink, Stretch!
    / v \ May the Force and farces be with you! Live long and prosper!!
    /( _ )\ https://sites.google.com/site/changmw/
    ^ ^ https://github.com/changmw/changmw

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Paul@3:633/10 to All on Wednesday, December 17, 2025 09:50:43
    On Wed, 12/17/2025 8:24 AM, Mr. Man-wai Chang wrote:
    On 17/12/2025 8:16 pm, VanguardLH wrote:

    The 55 error ("The Memory could not be detected.") which goes away after
    yanking out the modules in the last 2 slots makes me a suspect an aging
    problem with the mobo.ÿ Currently I degraded to 2 sticks in the first 2
    slots (A1 and A2), but that is not a valid config to support DDR.ÿ I'll
    move the stick from A1 to B2 since A2+B2 is what they say to use with 2
    sticks to get DDR mode.ÿ That will include the 3rd slot where was the
    replacement memory module.ÿ Then I'll run memtest86 on the 2-stick 32 GB
    A2+B2 setup.ÿ Then I'll try with all 4 slots populated (CMOS has already
    been cleared), and run memtest86 again.ÿ But memtest86 passed all 4
    sticks a couple weeks ago after I got the replacement memory module.

    Just go back to basics, start with 1 stick of DDR, then 2, then 3 and 4. Check the motherboard manual (maybe via manufacturer's website) if you forgot how to use dual-channel.


    Regarding your hypothesis that clearing the CMOS "loads Setup Defaults",
    the Asrock board appears to be failing at this task (as seen in a
    Reddit thread).

    It is doing something else. Something else naughty. Some people are replacing hardware after a "55", which implies the firmware is not of high quality.

    It'll be interesting to see if a CMOS battery makes any difference
    at all. I would not bet on this helping, but it is still a good
    idea to fit a new cell.

    There are systems that successfully run, day after day, with
    a completely flat CMOS battery. Having a good battery, is not
    always required, but there is no question that some SuperIO
    have a VBAT measurement pin, where the chip does something
    with a battery voltage measurement. I just have not seen
    a SuperIO chip spec where any sort of "feature" with respect
    to VBAT is mentioned (there is no text that says "system
    will not start with 0 volt battery").

    Paul

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From VanguardLH@3:633/10 to All on Wednesday, December 17, 2025 21:55:17
    Paul <nospam@needed.invalid> wrote:

    On Wed, 12/17/2025 8:24 AM, Mr. Man-wai Chang wrote:
    On 17/12/2025 8:16 pm, VanguardLH wrote:

    The 55 error ("The Memory could not be detected.") which goes away after >>> yanking out the modules in the last 2 slots makes me a suspect an aging
    problem with the mobo.ÿ Currently I degraded to 2 sticks in the first 2
    slots (A1 and A2), but that is not a valid config to support DDR.ÿ I'll
    move the stick from A1 to B2 since A2+B2 is what they say to use with 2
    sticks to get DDR mode.ÿ That will include the 3rd slot where was the
    replacement memory module.ÿ Then I'll run memtest86 on the 2-stick 32 GB >>> A2+B2 setup.ÿ Then I'll try with all 4 slots populated (CMOS has already >>> been cleared), and run memtest86 again.ÿ But memtest86 passed all 4
    sticks a couple weeks ago after I got the replacement memory module.

    Just go back to basics, start with 1 stick of DDR, then 2, then 3 and 4. Check the motherboard manual (maybe via manufacturer's website) if you forgot how to use dual-channel.


    Regarding your hypothesis that clearing the CMOS "loads Setup Defaults",
    the Asrock board appears to be failing at this task (as seen in a
    Reddit thread).

    It is doing something else. Something else naughty. Some people are replacing hardware after a "55", which implies the firmware is not of high quality.

    In addition, you can go into BIOS settings, reset to defaults, and exit
    with save.

    After I hit the CMOS clear button on the backpanel, I saw my custom
    settings disappear, like system password on boot. The Asrock ad screen
    also appeared, so I went into the BIOS to instead show the POST screen.
    The ad screen is worthless, and hides useful info in the POST screen.

    It'll be interesting to see if a CMOS battery makes any difference
    at all. I would not bet on this helping, but it is still a good
    idea to fit a new cell.

    I usually leave my desktop PC powered 24x7. The only time it gets
    powered down is when hardware gets changed, or I'm working inside the
    case, or ... on extended absence, like a vacation or trip away. It was
    after a week away that the computer got stuck in the tight 55 looping.

    There are systems that successfully run, day after day, with
    a completely flat CMOS battery. Having a good battery, is not
    always required, but there is no question that some SuperIO
    have a VBAT measurement pin, where the chip does something
    with a battery voltage measurement. I just have not seen
    a SuperIO chip spec where any sort of "feature" with respect
    to VBAT is mentioned (there is no text that says "system
    will not start with 0 volt battery").

    We had a server box whose CMOS battery was soldered onto the mobo. Two
    wires to the mobo, and to the sides of a coin cell battery with heat
    shrink around it. Until I later decided to find a wired replacement
    battery and bring my own tools from home, we just made sure that server
    never lost power (don't power off, attach to UPS); else, we'd have to
    reset the time and date in the BIOS on boot. The defaults from EEPROM
    loaded into the CMOS table were okay, so no having to restore those
    settings (there were no profiles option to save them into EEPROM). We
    had to put a piece of hard plastic and tape it over the power button to
    prevent others from powering it off which was the prior typical
    scenario.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Mr. Man-wai Chang@3:633/10 to All on Thursday, December 18, 2025 17:33:49
    On 17/12/2025 10:50 pm, Paul wrote:

    Regarding your hypothesis that clearing the CMOS "loads Setup Defaults",
    the Asrock board appears to be failing at this task (as seen in a
    Reddit thread).

    It is doing something else. Something else naughty. Some people are replacing hardware after a "55", which implies the firmware is not of high quality.

    It'll be interesting to see if a CMOS battery makes any difference
    at all. I would not bet on this helping, but it is still a good
    idea to fit a new cell.

    There are systems that successfully run, day after day, with
    a completely flat CMOS battery. Having a good battery ....
    In the old days, BIOS battery usually affected only the clock. But motherboards these days are way more sophiscated and have far more
    settings than just date and time to remember.



    --
    @~@ Simplicity is Beauty! Remain silent! Drink, Blink, Stretch!
    / v \ May the Force and farces be with you! Live long and prosper!!
    /( _ )\ https://sites.google.com/site/changmw/
    ^ ^ https://github.com/changmw/changmw

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Paul@3:633/10 to All on Thursday, December 18, 2025 07:03:01
    On Thu, 12/18/2025 4:33 AM, Mr. Man-wai Chang wrote:
    On 17/12/2025 10:50 pm, Paul wrote:

    Regarding your hypothesis that clearing the CMOS "loads Setup Defaults",
    the Asrock board appears to be failing at this task (as seen in a
    Reddit thread).

    It is doing something else. Something else naughty. Some people are replacing
    hardware after a "55", which implies the firmware is not of high quality.

    It'll be interesting to see if a CMOS battery makes any difference
    at all. I would not bet on this helping, but it is still a good
    idea to fit a new cell.

    There are systems that successfully run, day after day, with
    a completely flat CMOS battery. Having a good battery ....
    In the old days, BIOS battery usually affected only the clock.
    But motherboards these days are way more sophiscated and have
    far more settings than just date and time to remember.


    The design hasn't changed

    Real Time Clock 10ua 32768Hz Ripple Divide -----+----- VBAT
    in PCH chip (the "Southbridge") |
    |
    256Byte RAM in CMOS well of PCH chip -----------+

    BIOS bootstrap \
    BIOS Main block \___ 3.3V NOR Flash chip on SPI bus
    DMI-ESCD (writeable) / Powered when main supply is running.
    4MB NVRAM (writeable) /

    The "NVRAM" is written with the UEFI boot path.

    *******

    The only "new" feature is the 4MB NVRAM scratch pad area for the UEFI to use.

    Paul

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From VanguardLH@3:633/10 to All on Friday, December 19, 2025 03:10:49
    After some testing, I found NONE of the memory modules (original 3, or
    the 1 warranty replacement, all the same brand and model) would run
    using XMP. Even with just 1 module, none of the modules that claim XMP
    support would work. I'd set the BIOS to XMP mode, cold boot, and there
    was a really long wait until the POST screen appeared; however, it noted
    there had been many boot attempts whereupon safe settings got used to
    finally get to the POST screen. If Auto was selected, 1, 2, or 3 of the original modules would let the computer boot. The warranty unit was
    farked: couldn't boot even with it alone.

    XMP wanted to use 3200 MHz (1600 MHz x 2) for the target DRAM clock.
    Auto (JEDEC) uses 2133 Mhz (well, 1066 MHz x 2). The product specs, and
    CPU-z, say the max bandwidth for the G.Skill modules is 3200 (1600 MHz),
    but none of the modules would run at that clock rate. XMP was out, and
    Auto (JEDEC) had to get used. Although that means running at 66% of the claimed max clock rate, it does run with the slower clock. Claiming XMP support at 3200 but refusing to boot even to the POST screen is an
    unusable setup.

    The new module (warranty replacement) was the same brand and model, but
    seemed a bad unit sent to replace the old one that went bad. With Auto (JEDEC), and the warranty module by itself or when it was used with any
    of the original modules, the computer wouldn't boot. I'd see the
    diagnostic LED keep cycling through multiple codes when the warranty
    module was involved. So, I have the 3 modules from the original 4-pc
    matched set, and the warranty replacement that screws up the boot.

    Back when I had just 2 original modules in the A1 & A2 slots, CPU-z's
    Memory tab said Channel # = Single. I expected that since DDR works
    across the banks, not within a bank. The manual says to use the A2 and
    B2 slots for 2-module DDR, but the computer wouldn't boot at all with
    that config. So, I tested using the A1 and B1 slots, the computer
    booted, and Dual was shown in BIOS, and CPU-z said Channel # = Dual.
    So, I was down to 2 of the original modules in A1 and B1 using DDR mode
    running at 2133 (1066x2) for a total of 32GB of RAM. I'm down to half
    the original 64 GB RAM.

    With it working again, now I had a warranty module that wouldn't play
    nice with the 3 modules from the original 4-pc matched set, and was
    flaky when it was the only one in a slot (sometimes the computer would
    boot to the POST screen, but sometimes it was stuck in the tight reboot
    cycle with various codes flashing on the diagnostic LEDs). Guess I got
    a defective warranty replacement. But then the originals don't work
    with XMP despite their specs saying so, or the mobo is farked (i.e., the modules might support XMP, but the mobo won't). Possibly upping the
    DRAM voltage might get XMP working for the 3 original modules, but
    that's a later project. That the warranty module won't even work alone
    and in Auto (JEDEC) means I'm not wasting time on it, anymore.

    So, I'm left with the 3 original modules from the 4-pc matched set that
    will work. However, I always thought an even number of modules were
    needed for dual-channel support, but I only have 3 good sticks now. I
    could use 2 of them for 32 GB, one in each bank, to get dual mode. Yet,
    as a test, I put in all 3 of the working 16 GB sticks for a total of
    48GB of RAM. I expected to lose dual channel mode, but BIOS and CPU-z
    say different. Could it be they detect dual-channel for 2 of the sticks
    (A1 and B1), and the 3rd (A2) is operating in single-channel mode, or
    however they indicate dual channel is wrong or misleading.

    "It is unable to activate Dual Channel Memory Technology with only one
    or three
    memory module installed."

    That's what the manual says, but it was wrong about the slot config for
    dual channel: A2+B2 wouldn't let the computer boot, but A1+B1 would.
    I'm pretty sure 3 modules (A1+A2+B1) should disable dual-channel mode.
    The manual also shows the wrong slot: shows a release lever on both ends
    of the slot, but only one end has the release lever.

    Any suggestions on a RAM benchmark tool that will test performance of
    each memory module to see if the ones in the A1+B1 slots are faster than
    one in the A2 slot? Even a tool, like PassMark's memory benchmark tool (https://www.passmark.com/products/performancetest/pt_advmem.php, could
    not find a comparison page between trial and payware versions) looks to
    mash together its values, so you couldn't tell with multiple sticks
    installed the speed of each stick, if one module was faster, or the 2
    modules in matching dual slots were faster than the 1 module in an
    unmatched slot.

    I suppose I could go with 2 sticks in the matching dual slots (A1 + B1),
    run a memory benchmark, and then reinstall the 3rd stick in an unmatched
    slot (A2) to rerun the memory benchmark.

    I'd like to not lose usable memory modules, but it seems 3 sticks would
    result in loss of dual-channel model, so I'd have to go down to 2 slots,
    and down to 32GB of RAM. The remaining original module would sit inside
    an anti-static bag in a drawer. It's possible the warranty module was
    bad to start with, but I'm trying to do another warranty replacement.
    I'm not spending $400 to get another 4-pc matched 16GB sticks to get
    back again to 64GB.

    I don't know how I'll survive dropping from 64GB down to 32GB although
    RAM consumption is typically only between 5 to 20GB (16GB of which is
    allocated to a VM when it is running). (smirk)


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Mr. Man-wai Chang@3:633/10 to All on Friday, December 19, 2025 21:38:05
    On 19/12/2025 5:10 pm, VanguardLH wrote:
    After some testing, I found NONE of the memory modules (original 3, or
    the 1 warranty replacement, all the same brand and model) would run
    using XMP. Even with just 1 module, none of the modules that claim XMP support would work. I'd set the BIOS to XMP mode, cold boot, and there
    was a really long wait until the POST screen appeared; however, it noted there had been many boot attempts whereupon safe settings got used to
    finally get to the POST screen. If Auto was selected, 1, 2, or 3 of the original modules would let the computer boot. The warranty unit was
    farked: couldn't boot even with it alone.

    You sure that those modules really have XMP? Maybe they were incorrectly labelled to fool buyers? Did you buy them from reputable shops?


    --
    @~@ Simplicity is Beauty! Remain silent! Drink, Blink, Stretch!
    / v \ May the Force and farces be with you! Live long and prosper!!
    /( _ )\ https://sites.google.com/site/changmw/
    ^ ^ https://github.com/changmw/changmw

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Mr. Man-wai Chang@3:633/10 to All on Friday, December 19, 2025 21:42:10
    On 19/12/2025 5:10 pm, VanguardLH wrote:

    XMP wanted to use 3200 MHz (1600 MHz x 2) for the target DRAM clock.
    Auto (JEDEC) uses 2133 Mhz (well, 1066 MHz x 2). The product specs, and CPU-z, say the max bandwidth for the G.Skill modules is 3200 (1600 MHz),
    but none of the modules would run at that clock rate. XMP was out, and
    Auto (JEDEC) had to get used. Although that means running at 66% of the claimed max clock rate, it does run with the slower clock. Claiming XMP support at 3200 but refusing to boot even to the POST screen is an
    unusable setup.

    in my Z370 motherboard, I need to *MANUALLY* select a XMP profile. XMP
    is NOT activated automatically, even after DDR4 detection is done when
    the motherboard POST and boot into Windows 10.

    So make sure you activate XMP in the BIOS.

    --
    @~@ Simplicity is Beauty! Remain silent! Drink, Blink, Stretch!
    / v \ May the Force and farces be with you! Live long and prosper!!
    /( _ )\ https://sites.google.com/site/changmw/
    ^ ^ https://github.com/changmw/changmw

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Paul@3:633/10 to All on Friday, December 19, 2025 09:19:30
    On Wed, 12/17/2025 7:16 AM, VanguardLH wrote:
    "Mr. Man-wai Chang" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> wrote:

    Paul wrote:

    Van is getting an error of "55", which is apparently "RAM not found",
    and this implies something is seriously wrong now. It's possible no
    user-level tricks will fix this. We'll see I guess.

    Clearing CMOS usually turn off all overclocking settings and set all
    DDR4 slots back to JDEC (no XMP). The debug LED might be wrong.

    I admit that I have never used expensive boards that have debug LEDs. :)

    The status LED mostly shows 55 when the computer was quick cycling (not
    even getting to where I could enter the BIOS screens). However,
    sometimes it showed 7F. When starting up, the LED flashes between
    several codes, but I'm not sure which are valid since the LED elements
    are just flickering alot which might look like codes. It did once or
    twice show 7F (before restarting) which means "Chipset initialization
    error. Please press reset or clear CMOS" (that's a push button in the
    rear pannel). There is a 2-pin CMOS header to short, but I use the
    button to clear CMOS.

    The 55 error ("The Memory could not be detected.") which goes away after yanking out the modules in the last 2 slots makes me a suspect an aging problem with the mobo. Currently I degraded to 2 sticks in the first 2
    slots (A1 and A2), but that is not a valid config to support DDR. I'll
    move the stick from A1 to B2 since A2+B2 is what they say to use with 2 sticks to get DDR mode. That will include the 3rd slot where was the replacement memory module. Then I'll run memtest86 on the 2-stick 32 GB A2+B2 setup. Then I'll try with all 4 slots populated (CMOS has already
    been cleared), and run memtest86 again. But memtest86 passed all 4
    sticks a couple weeks ago after I got the replacement memory module.

    CMOS has already been cleared. The only change I then made in the BIOS
    was to get rid of the Asrock banner page that obliterates the POST
    screen which I'd rather see during boot. It was quite evident the CMOS
    clear happened, because I used to have BIOS configure for a system
    password; i.e., I needed to enter a password to get further than the
    boot, and start loading the OS. Now the system password isn't required anymore, and I might leave it that way. It was assurance that
    regardless how the OS was configured to retry a failed boot that the
    computer wouldn't end up keep cycling on a failed boot (by hardware, or
    with the OS or whatever it loaded).

    Ah, I forgot something when I performed the annual dusting out of the computer using compressed air cans. My house is dusty, and had pets
    until recently. I forgot to replace the CR2032 CMOS battery. It was in
    my notes reminding me of the yearly clean, but I forgot to replace it.
    If a CMOS clear was what actually ended up fixing my setup, maybe the
    CMOS coin cell battery is weak, and settings got corrupted in the the
    CMOS copy of the BIOS EEPROM settings after a week without any power.
    It's the CMOS copy used on boot. I just remembered that I forgot to
    replace the CR2032 coin cell battery. I replace at about 3-year
    intervals although the battery should be good for 5 years.


    The Port 80 code values driving the two seven segment displays
    are "progress codes" not "error codes" as such. That's why it is
    a bit disconcerting to see the value listed as "RAM not detected".
    The last progress message should be "Attempting to detect RAM"
    as a progress code. Then, when the BIOS "dies" in that routine,
    you know of the last thing it was trying to do. and RAM is normally
    detected by sensing the SPD chips on SMBUS. You probe the addresses
    that are supposed to answer, and read out a small flash table.

    Actual error codes are indicated by "beeps", like on some boards
    "three beeps" silence and repeats, would be "RAM failure".

    But Post Codes are supposed to be progress (the code is usually
    written by Award or AMI and not by Asrock or Asus, it's part of
    a bring-up package for which Asrock and Asus might not have source).

    Paul

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Paul@3:633/10 to All on Friday, December 19, 2025 10:47:36
    On Fri, 12/19/2025 4:10 AM, VanguardLH wrote:
    After some testing, I found NONE of the memory modules (original 3, or
    the 1 warranty replacement, all the same brand and model) would run
    using XMP. Even with just 1 module, none of the modules that claim XMP support would work. I'd set the BIOS to XMP mode, cold boot, and there
    was a really long wait until the POST screen appeared; however, it noted there had been many boot attempts whereupon safe settings got used to
    finally get to the POST screen. If Auto was selected, 1, 2, or 3 of the original modules would let the computer boot. The warranty unit was
    farked: couldn't boot even with it alone.

    XMP wanted to use 3200 MHz (1600 MHz x 2) for the target DRAM clock.
    Auto (JEDEC) uses 2133 Mhz (well, 1066 MHz x 2). The product specs, and CPU-z, say the max bandwidth for the G.Skill modules is 3200 (1600 MHz),
    but none of the modules would run at that clock rate. XMP was out, and
    Auto (JEDEC) had to get used. Although that means running at 66% of the claimed max clock rate, it does run with the slower clock. Claiming XMP support at 3200 but refusing to boot even to the POST screen is an
    unusable setup.

    The new module (warranty replacement) was the same brand and model, but seemed a bad unit sent to replace the old one that went bad. With Auto (JEDEC), and the warranty module by itself or when it was used with any
    of the original modules, the computer wouldn't boot. I'd see the
    diagnostic LED keep cycling through multiple codes when the warranty
    module was involved. So, I have the 3 modules from the original 4-pc
    matched set, and the warranty replacement that screws up the boot.

    Back when I had just 2 original modules in the A1 & A2 slots, CPU-z's
    Memory tab said Channel # = Single. I expected that since DDR works
    across the banks, not within a bank. The manual says to use the A2 and
    B2 slots for 2-module DDR, but the computer wouldn't boot at all with
    that config. So, I tested using the A1 and B1 slots, the computer
    booted, and Dual was shown in BIOS, and CPU-z said Channel # = Dual.
    So, I was down to 2 of the original modules in A1 and B1 using DDR mode running at 2133 (1066x2) for a total of 32GB of RAM. I'm down to half
    the original 64 GB RAM.

    With it working again, now I had a warranty module that wouldn't play
    nice with the 3 modules from the original 4-pc matched set, and was
    flaky when it was the only one in a slot (sometimes the computer would
    boot to the POST screen, but sometimes it was stuck in the tight reboot
    cycle with various codes flashing on the diagnostic LEDs). Guess I got
    a defective warranty replacement. But then the originals don't work
    with XMP despite their specs saying so, or the mobo is farked (i.e., the modules might support XMP, but the mobo won't). Possibly upping the
    DRAM voltage might get XMP working for the 3 original modules, but
    that's a later project. That the warranty module won't even work alone
    and in Auto (JEDEC) means I'm not wasting time on it, anymore.

    So, I'm left with the 3 original modules from the 4-pc matched set that
    will work. However, I always thought an even number of modules were
    needed for dual-channel support, but I only have 3 good sticks now. I
    could use 2 of them for 32 GB, one in each bank, to get dual mode. Yet,
    as a test, I put in all 3 of the working 16 GB sticks for a total of
    48GB of RAM. I expected to lose dual channel mode, but BIOS and CPU-z
    say different. Could it be they detect dual-channel for 2 of the sticks
    (A1 and B1), and the 3rd (A2) is operating in single-channel mode, or
    however they indicate dual channel is wrong or misleading.

    "It is unable to activate Dual Channel Memory Technology with only one
    or three
    memory module installed."

    That's what the manual says, but it was wrong about the slot config for
    dual channel: A2+B2 wouldn't let the computer boot, but A1+B1 would.
    I'm pretty sure 3 modules (A1+A2+B1) should disable dual-channel mode.
    The manual also shows the wrong slot: shows a release lever on both ends
    of the slot, but only one end has the release lever.

    Any suggestions on a RAM benchmark tool that will test performance of
    each memory module to see if the ones in the A1+B1 slots are faster than
    one in the A2 slot? Even a tool, like PassMark's memory benchmark tool (https://www.passmark.com/products/performancetest/pt_advmem.php, could
    not find a comparison page between trial and payware versions) looks to
    mash together its values, so you couldn't tell with multiple sticks
    installed the speed of each stick, if one module was faster, or the 2
    modules in matching dual slots were faster than the 1 module in an
    unmatched slot.

    I suppose I could go with 2 sticks in the matching dual slots (A1 + B1),
    run a memory benchmark, and then reinstall the 3rd stick in an unmatched
    slot (A2) to rerun the memory benchmark.

    I'd like to not lose usable memory modules, but it seems 3 sticks would result in loss of dual-channel model, so I'd have to go down to 2 slots,
    and down to 32GB of RAM. The remaining original module would sit inside
    an anti-static bag in a drawer. It's possible the warranty module was
    bad to start with, but I'm trying to do another warranty replacement.
    I'm not spending $400 to get another 4-pc matched 16GB sticks to get
    back again to 64GB.

    I don't know how I'll survive dropping from 64GB down to 32GB although
    RAM consumption is typically only between 5 to 20GB (16GB of which is allocated to a VM when it is running). (smirk)


    Flex Memory capability has existed, even back when the memory controller
    was in the Northbridge chip. Today the IMC inside the processor is the
    memory controller. And it supports Flex memory.

    Asrock Z390 Taichi Physical Virtual

    ------A1--A2 ------A1--A2 Bus
    (CPU) Ends
    -------------B1--B2 ------B1--B2 Here

    With Flex Memory, the sticks in the End Slots (A2+B2) run in dual channel.

    With a third stick in either of A1 or B1, the board still works. The
    stick runs in Single Channel. All the sticks use the same timings and clock choice. The BIOS must adjust the mess, according to the loading rules.

    On my Nforce board, I got the code for Memtest, added three lines to the
    code, and had it output the memory bandwidth in the single channel address space and the dual channel address space. Back in those days, the numbers
    were 800MB/sec single channel, 1400MB/sec dual channel, and that is with
    three sticks installed. That's to demonstrate the expected performance.

    Note that, when you run "A1 and A2", that's two loads on the bus. And
    depending on the memory technology, the automatic (JEDEC) clock selection
    can be set lower in that case, than if only one DIMM was per channel.
    Three DIMMs gives you more RAM, but all the sticks get scaled by a
    small loading factor. Now, DDR5 really extracts a large penalty for this,
    but DDR4 seems not quite as bad.

    It seems a bit like your IMC is weak, and maybe one of the supply voltages
    on there is not correct or high enough. On my X48 (a Northbridge, not an IMC), I needed to bump the voltage feeding the MC (Memory Controller) block, to
    bring it back to error free. This can be called VCCSA, which powers two things.

    Since almost no motherboards mount and label "voltage monitoring points",
    we cannot do a lap of those and check. The BIOS controls may show the
    control that sets the VID value on a chip. But the measured value to
    verify it is working, that capability might not be there.

    I still think we have to work with what you've got, and adjust things
    so one or two sticks are "happy".

    Strictly speaking, XMP only works with two sticks. They don't usually
    make a profile for two sticks and a profile for four sticks. They make
    a profile for two sticks at CR2 (the option that works) and
    two sticks at CR1 (which in a lot of cases is too aggressive).
    On some boards, the board may insist on going back to JEDEC with four sticks.

    Mine, when I set XMP to ON, it used the two stick XMP for all four sticks without a problem. There was no evident load compensation at all.
    Both CR1 and CR2 worked on XMP (I tried and tested both). I can't always believe the "reporting" of things like CPUZ with regard to Command Rate,
    but the memtest bandwidth measurement, and the 2GB/sec bump on CR1, proved
    to me it was actually in CR1 mode. That's an example of all the rules
    being pitched out the window.

    I think you are going to have to go into the overclocker section,
    and define a clock speed you like for the memory. Then scroll until
    you find the voltage section, and make some "tiny" adjustments.
    Keep notes as to what you've changed. Run a memtest with the USB stick memtest. The C: disk drive doesn't have to be connected while you do this. See if
    it responds positively to a small bump.

    https://download.asrock.com/Manual/Z390%20Taichi.pdf

    (Page 70 Section 4.5 OC Tweaker Screen)

    Page 71 Performance Mode [disabled]

    Page 73 Load XMP Settings [not if you can avoid it at the moment] - no options shown
    Page 73 DRAM Clock [1066 for 2133 JEDEC] "applies if ASrock Timing Optimization disabled"
    Leave all other memory timings at "Auto", so the BIOS works out the values for you.

    Page 80 If you adjust DRAM voltage, stop before it turns red at >1.35V or so.
    (Check and see if DRAM Activating Power supply tracks DRAM Voltage at all)
    Normally, the enthusiast DDR4 doesn't need boost, even at high clocks.
    And your test condition is 2133, boost should not be needed here. It's not the old days.

    Page 81 VCCSA (system agent and IMC logic gates)
    needs 25mV more voltage [Yellow], try 12.5mv more or 25mv more, then test it.
    Take tiny steps. We're compensating for a "worn" IMC rather than "duff RAM".
    At least until it comes time to put your "return-ME" RAM into the board :-)
    We don't know what is up with that sucker at the moment.

    https://www.reddit.com/r/overclocking/comments/v9vb1i/whats_the_difference_between_vdd_imc_and_vccsa/

    Your processor is 9th generation, likely a 9900 or so.
    We need to find 9th generation-specific values for best advice.

    This shows the basic idea. You can see this conehead is heading for
    a worlds record or something, by beating the piss out of three of the
    voltages on his generation of board. This would be newer than yours
    so we cannot rely on the list of signal names. Should be similar to
    this though.

    https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/QbSkQGbhCZLGDxmPAGRF8c-1200-80.jpg

    ... SA Voltage (VCCSA) 0.908 [Red] 1.250 too high!
    DRAM Voltage (VDDD?) 1.100 [Red] 1.400
    DRAM Voltage (VDDQ) 1.100 [Red] 1.400 The Q stands for "quiet", a separate rail from "noisy" supply

    The letters D and S stand for Drain and Source (MOSFETs).

    The DRAM is likely limited to something like 1.35 and the Yellow versus
    Red coloring should warn how close you are getting. Settings only "take"
    after a save and reset. The 1.35V is defined by an Intel bus limit.

    In your current situation, you would lift 0.908 to 0.933, use one
    or two tiny steps, color likely still Yellow.

    If the package the DRAM came in, or the XMP table shows 1.35V,
    then you know the DRAM is at most 1.35V and not 1.400V as in the [Red] picture.

    *******

    While I would recommend the purchase of a "teaser RAM" for testing
    (a tiny capacity, JEDEC-only stick with no XMP), when I checked a couple computer stores, the cupboards are bare. There is only shit in the cupboard, which may be more trouble than it is worth. One of my favorite debug methods
    is "not available".

    You can ask at your computer store, if they have any tiny capacity 2133 DDR4, because I've been surprised to find stuff at the store I was not expecting to find. When I needed DDR2 years ago, and it was out of fashion, they had
    some packages of Enthusiast DDR2, some CAS5, my jaw dropped. So you never
    know what you'll find in a dusty cupboard at the computer store (not Best Buy).

    Paul

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From VanguardLH@3:633/10 to All on Friday, December 19, 2025 09:51:42
    "Mr. Man-wai Chang" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> wrote:

    VanguardLH wrote:

    After some testing, I found NONE of the memory modules (original 3, or
    the 1 warranty replacement, all the same brand and model) would run
    using XMP. Even with just 1 module, none of the modules that claim XMP
    support would work.

    You sure that those modules really have XMP? Maybe they were incorrectly labelled to fool buyers? Did you buy them from reputable shops?

    I doubt G.Skill is a shady manufacturer.
    Bought from Newegg.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From VanguardLH@3:633/10 to All on Friday, December 19, 2025 10:07:49
    "Mr. Man-wai Chang" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> wrote:

    VanguardLH wrote:

    XMP wanted to use 3200 MHz (1600 MHz x 2) for the target DRAM clock.
    Auto (JEDEC) uses 2133 Mhz (well, 1066 MHz x 2). The product specs, and
    CPU-z, say the max bandwidth for the G.Skill modules is 3200 (1600 MHz),
    but none of the modules would run at that clock rate. XMP was out, and
    Auto (JEDEC) had to get used. Although that means running at 66% of the
    claimed max clock rate, it does run with the slower clock. Claiming XMP
    support at 3200 but refusing to boot even to the POST screen is an
    unusable setup.

    in my Z370 motherboard, I need to *MANUALLY* select a XMP profile. XMP
    is NOT activated automatically, even after DDR4 detection is done when
    the motherboard POST and boot into Windows 10.

    So make sure you activate XMP in the BIOS.

    Same as what Paul mentioned: the Auto setting for XMP is *not* for
    automatic detection between JEDEC and XMP bandwidth on the modules.
    It's misleading wording. Auto means to use JEDEC (slower timing). The
    default for the mobo is Auto (JEDEC). The user has to change to XMP,
    and that's when I found none of the memory modules worked in XMP mode.

    https://www.newegg.com/g-skill-ripjaws-v-series-64gb-ddr4-3200-cas-latency-cl16-desktop-memory-black/p/N82E16820232092?Item=N82E16820232092
    * The memory kit will boot at the SPD speed when BIOS settings are at
    default.
    * For XMP enabled memory kits, enable XMP/DOCP/A-XMP in the BIOS to
    reach up to the rated XMP overclock speed, and system stability with overclocked memory kits may depend on the capability of the motherboard
    & CPU.

    When the specs report XMP 2.0 support, I didn't figure I had to buy a
    different sub-model for an "XMP enabled memory kit". Their comment does mention system stability depends on the capabilities of the mobo & CPU.
    Well, the BIOS has an XMP setting, so I figured the mobo supported it.

    The mobo says it supports XMP 2.0. The specs for the memory modules
    also claim XMP 2.0 support. Yet booting failed when I enabled XMP in
    the BIOS (changing clock rate on memory from 2133 to 3200 MHz). As I
    recall, I had enabled XMP a long time ago, and the computer was stable.
    After a week away with the computer powered down, I hit the boot
    failure. Possibly the CMOS table was corrupt due to a weak battery, so
    that's been replaced. When CMOS was cleared, the computer booted okay,
    but the clear reset the BIOS back to Auto (JEDEC), the default, instead
    of using XMP. XMP is not the default, but it worked for a long time
    before when I changed to XMP.

    Now I have to ensure XMP is *not* enabled since none of the memory
    modules (3 originals, 1 warranty replacement) work with XMP, anymore. A
    slower memory clock with a bootable computer is far better than a
    computer that won't boot.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From VanguardLH@3:633/10 to All on Friday, December 19, 2025 16:38:44
    Paul <nospam@needed.invalid> wrote:

    Asrock Z390 Taichi Physical Virtual

    ------A1--A2 ------A1--A2 Bus
    (CPU) Ends
    -------------B1--B2 ------B1--B2 Here

    With Flex Memory, the sticks in the End Slots (A2+B2) run in dual
    channel.

    Same as what the mobo manual says for 2-stick dual-channel support. The computer booted okay with 2 sticks in the A1+A2 slots. So, I moved A1
    to B2 to give me the A2+B2 setup, but the computer wouldn't boot. I
    went back to the A1+B1 setup that has 2 sticks in different banks.

    With a third stick in either of A1 or B1, the board still works. The
    stick runs in Single Channel. All the sticks use the same timings and
    clock choice. The BIOS must adjust the mess, according to the loading
    rules.

    With the A1+B1 config, CPU-z shows "Channel #: Dual" for both modules
    under its SPD tab. However, even after adding the 3rd module in an
    A1+B1 and A2 setup, CPU-z still shows Dual for all modules. I figure
    A1+B1 might be running dual-channel, but not absolutely sure, and A2 is
    running in single channel mode.

    Without using the warranty replacement module that generates too many
    boot failures, and just involving 2 or 3 of the original memory modules:
    2 sticks: A1+A2 = computer boots
    A1+B1 = computer boots
    A2+B2 = boot fails (stuck in tight boot cycling)
    3 sticks: A1+B1 and A2 = computer boots
    A1+B1 and B2 (didn't test this config)

    None of the above configs would boot with XMP enabled. With XMP
    enabled, the boot time was severely elongated, and if the POST screen
    showed up it said something about too many boot retries, and resetting
    to defaults (so XMP got turned back to Auto) after which another reboot
    brought up the computer.

    Despite what the manual says, A2+B2 does not work. Computer won't boot.
    Seems a memory module must populate the A1 slot.

    If A1+B1 runs in dual channel mode, and A2 runs in single channel mode,
    I'm happy with that setup. The computer boots with 48 GB RAM. However,
    with CPU-z being unclear just which modules are running in dual channel
    mode, I can't tell they really are using dual channel.

    Note that, when you run "A1 and A2", that's two loads on the bus. And depending on the memory technology, the automatic (JEDEC) clock
    selection can be set lower in that case, than if only one DIMM was
    per channel. Three DIMMs gives you more RAM, but all the sticks get
    scaled by a small loading factor. Now, DDR5 really extracts a large
    penalty for this, but DDR4 seems not quite as bad.

    With 2 sticks, I can't get A2+B2 to boot despite what the manual says.
    With A1+B1, CPU-z says dual channel for both sticks, but I'm not sure I
    can believe anymore that CPU-z is correct, because it says dual channel
    for the 1 stick in the 3-stick A1+B1 with A2 config. Seems it sees
    something is using dual channel, and then says it for all modules even
    when there is an odd number of modules.

    Seems the only way to be sure is to use Passmark's tool to benchmark the
    memory in the 2-stick A1+B1 config versus the 3-stick A1+B1 and A2
    config. Yet that tool just reports an overall memory benchmark, not a per-module benchmark in a multi-module config.

    It seems a bit like your IMC is weak, and maybe one of the supply
    voltages on there is not correct or high enough. On my X48 (a
    Northbridge, not an IMC), I needed to bump the voltage feeding the MC
    (Memory Controller) block, to bring it back to error free. This can
    be called VCCSA, which powers two things.

    That'll be another test to do later with all 4 sticks populating all 4
    slots with DRAM voltage bumped up from 1.35V. I haven't yet tried that,
    so I don't know what are the increments for bumping the voltage.

    Since almost no motherboards mount and label "voltage monitoring points",
    we cannot do a lap of those and check. The BIOS controls may show the
    control that sets the VID value on a chip. But the measured value to
    verify it is working, that capability might not be there.

    I still think we have to work with what you've got, and adjust things
    so one or two sticks are "happy".

    I could go with just 2 16GB sticks for 32GB of RAM. I would still have
    gobs of free RAM available. I got the 64GB config in expectation of
    allocating chunks of it to virtual machines. As it turned out, I never
    really much used VirtualBox. I'm using it now for testing Windows 11 as
    a guest OS inside a VM with Vbox running on my Windows 10 host OS. Once
    I decide to move Windows 11 out of the VM and use it as the host OS, I
    won't need Vbox anymore, or the memory for any virtual machines.

    However, I could not get the 2-stick A2+B2 config to boot, so if I go to
    a 2-stick config then it'll be A1+B1.

    Strictly speaking, XMP only works with two sticks. They don't usually
    make a profile for two sticks and a profile for four sticks. They
    make a profile for two sticks at CR2 (the option that works) and two
    sticks at CR1 (which in a lot of cases is too aggressive). On some
    boards, the board may insist on going back to JEDEC with four sticks.

    Didn't know that. When XMP worked back when all 4 slots were populated,
    I never felt any performance gain. So, maybe with 4 sticks the mobo
    used JEDEC instead of XMP. I not a heavy gamer, and what video games I
    have are really old (I've been disappointed in what new games think is
    stealth mode), and nothing else got blisteringly quick using XMP. I
    would like dual-channel mode involved, though.

    I think you are going to have to go into the overclocker section,
    and define a clock speed you like for the memory. Then scroll until
    you find the voltage section, and make some "tiny" adjustments.
    Keep notes as to what you've changed. Run a memtest with the USB stick memtest.
    The C: disk drive doesn't have to be connected while you do this. See if
    it responds positively to a small bump.

    https://download.asrock.com/Manual/Z390%20Taichi.pdf

    (Page 70 Section 4.5 OC Tweaker Screen)

    Page 71 Performance Mode [disabled]

    Page 73 Load XMP Settings [not if you can avoid it at the moment] - no options shown
    Page 73 DRAM Clock [1066 for 2133 JEDEC] "applies if ASrock Timing Optimization disabled"
    Leave all other memory timings at "Auto", so the BIOS works out the values for you.

    The optimization setting is an overclock setting, and I've not yet
    touched those. The XMP setting is under the OC panel, but also on the
    Easy setting layout.

    Page 80 If you adjust DRAM voltage, stop before it turns red at >1.35V or so.

    But DRAM voltage is now at 1.35V even though XMP is *not* enabled. BIOS
    is set to Auto, so should be using JEDEC timings and voltages.

    (Check and see if DRAM Activating Power supply tracks DRAM Voltage at all)
    Normally, the enthusiast DDR4 doesn't need boost, even at high clocks.
    And your test condition is 2133, boost should not be needed here. It's not the old days.

    Page 81 VCCSA (system agent and IMC logic gates)
    needs 25mV more voltage [Yellow], try 12.5mv more or 25mv more, then test it.
    Take tiny steps. We're compensating for a "worn" IMC rather than "duff RAM".
    At least until it comes time to put your "return-ME" RAM into the board :-)
    We don't know what is up with that sucker at the moment.

    Yeah, I figure just 1 increment at a time, and test before increasing
    further. In fact, I probably wouldn't want to bump more than 2
    increments.

    https://www.reddit.com/r/overclocking/comments/v9vb1i/whats_the_difference_between_vdd_imc_and_vccsa/

    Your processor is 9th generation, likely a 9900 or so.
    We need to find 9th generation-specific values for best advice.

    Intel Core i7-8700 (Coffee Lake) @ 3.20GHz
    6 core (12 with hyperthreading)

    Yeah, that looks to be 9th gen.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Paul@3:633/10 to All on Saturday, December 20, 2025 01:46:43
    On Fri, 12/19/2025 8:38 AM, Mr. Man-wai Chang wrote:
    On 19/12/2025 5:10 pm, VanguardLH wrote:
    After some testing, I found NONE of the memory modules (original 3, or
    the 1 warranty replacement, all the same brand and model) would run
    using XMP.ÿ Even with just 1 module, none of the modules that claim XMP
    support would work.ÿ I'd set the BIOS to XMP mode, cold boot, and there
    was a really long wait until the POST screen appeared; however, it noted
    there had been many boot attempts whereupon safe settings got used to
    finally get to the POST screen.ÿ If Auto was selected, 1, 2, or 3 of the
    original modules would let the computer boot.ÿ The warranty unit was
    farked: couldn't boot even with it alone.

    You sure that those modules really have XMP? Maybe they were incorrectly labelled to fool buyers? Did you buy them from reputable shops?


    I have 12 sticks of that stuff. Yes, that's XMP.

    You can use CPUZ, last tab over, to save a detailed file for a computer.
    In it, is a copy of each SPD table, all the bytes in it. You can
    hand-decode the table if you want to verify the declaration in the SPD.

    Paul



    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Paul@3:633/10 to All on Saturday, December 20, 2025 02:43:42
    On Fri, 12/19/2025 5:38 PM, VanguardLH wrote:


    Without using the warranty replacement module that generates too many
    boot failures, and just involving 2 or 3 of the original memory modules:
    2 sticks: A1+A2 = computer boots
    A1+B1 = computer boots
    A2+B2 = boot fails (stuck in tight boot cycling)
    3 sticks: A1+B1 and A2 = computer boots
    A1+B1 and B2 (didn't test this config)

    None of the above configs would boot with XMP enabled. With XMP
    enabled, the boot time was severely elongated, and if the POST screen
    showed up it said something about too many boot retries, and resetting
    to defaults (so XMP got turned back to Auto) after which another reboot brought up the computer.

    I don't know what to make of your results table.

    ------A1--A2 ------A1--A2 Bus
    Ends
    -------------B1--B2 ------B1--B2 Here

    Older generations of RAM (DDR2 maybe), the termination resistors
    were on the EndOfTheBus. You could put the the DIMM pair in A1B1
    or A2B2 and both should work.

    On DDR4, the terminations are inside the modules. The terminations
    are programmable (after a fashion). If you put a pair in A1B1 and
    nothing in A2B2, that's dual channel as you would expect, but the
    empty A2B2 serves as a "capacitive stub" off the end of the bus.
    Because the terminations are in the A1B1 slots, the A2B2 slots are
    now "after" our intended endofbus. That's why A1B1 by itself,
    is considered to be slightly inferior to A2B2.

    I don't know what your motherboard is trying to tell us. Either
    the A2 or B2 has some slot-level defect ? (slow chip select?).

    The modules have fancy calibration features. As the BIOS brings up
    the modules, they have added features in the chips to pick the
    best Tsu and Th with respect to a clock edge. Or calibrated the
    strobes to best effect. The operation of the DIMMs is not
    entirely static in that regard. It's kinda like tuning a radio
    dial for best reception. But the reason we made the modules
    synchronous to a high speed clock, is so the times in nanoseconds
    were precisely known. Before SDRAM came along, we were generating
    RAS and CAS with delay lines (70ns and 90ns FPM and EDO). Using
    "clock ticks" allows timings in rather small increments.

    So what we know is:

    1) "You had a stick fail". Symptoms convinced you of a bad stick.
    2) Your above table convinces us that something is wrong with A2 or B2?

    Maybe (1) was a bad slot, all along.

    With Flex Memory (and no Intel Management Engine in the picture),
    for single stick operation, *any* slot should work. And we need
    this capability, when wringing out the slots and proving there
    is not a slot-specific issue (bent pin).

    Because of your table, you could run a single stick through the
    slots and verify that all the slots work to your satisfaction.
    Then the next step is convincing yourself that A1B1 is really
    high quality.

    *******

    When a software declares "Dual Channel", it means at least
    one pair is running that way. With Flex Memory, the third
    stick can be running Single Channel.

    There is a function description.

    https://edc.intel.com/content/www/us/en/design/ipla/software-development-platforms/client/platforms/alder-lake-desktop/12th-generation-intel-core-processors-datasheet-volume-1-of-2/001/system-memory-controller-organization-mode-ddr4-5-only/

    And like the NForce2, this is "dual channel all the way" :-)
    Can still require (in DDR5 case), load compensation for
    the heavier loading on the top channel.

    ------2GB--2GB Bus
    Ends
    -----------4GB Here

    If we add one more stick, three sticks are in dual channel,
    the last stick is at the top of the memory map and single channel.

    ------2GB--2GB Bus
    Ends
    ------2GB--4GB Here
    ^^^
    single

    But I would need to modify a modern version of Memtest to alter
    the bandwidth test results on the screen. The version of
    Memtest I did the tweak to, was NForce2 and AthlonXP era,
    which is quite a while ago. That code would not run on
    the motherboards in the room right now.

    The caching on Intel is good enough, you are unlikely to note
    a difference when running 25 applications and the last few you
    loaded "seemed slow". Only a 7ZIP compression run would be
    sensitive enough to detect that. Load up a bunch of crap,
    then load 7ZIP as a "detector of performance".

    If you have an iGPU inside the CPU, that can be sensitive to
    single channel versus dual channel. But as the memory generations
    progress, an iGPU can run on a single DIMM and still be
    "snappy in operation". There was a pronounced "boost" a long
    time ago, from dual channel and an internal GPU. It's harder
    to sense now.

    Paul





    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Mr. Man-wai Chang@3:633/10 to All on Saturday, December 20, 2025 22:13:22
    On 20/12/2025 12:07 am, VanguardLH wrote:

    failure. Possibly the CMOS table was corrupt due to a weak battery, so that's been replaced. When CMOS was cleared, the computer booted okay,
    but the clear reset the BIOS back to Auto (JEDEC), the default, instead
    of using XMP. XMP is not the default, but it worked for a long time
    before when I changed to XMP.

    Now I have to ensure XMP is *not* enabled since none of the memory
    modules (3 originals, 1 warranty replacement) work with XMP, anymore. A slower memory clock with a bootable computer is far better than a
    computer that won't boot.


    That's really strange then for a motherboard suddenly lost XMP
    capability. Could it be overheating?

    --
    @~@ Simplicity is Beauty! Remain silent! Drink, Blink, Stretch!
    / v \ May the Force and farces be with you! Live long and prosper!!
    /( _ )\ https://sites.google.com/site/changmw/
    ^ ^ https://github.com/changmw/changmw

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From VanguardLH@3:633/10 to All on Saturday, December 20, 2025 12:02:59
    "Mr. Man-wai Chang" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> wrote:

    On 20/12/2025 12:07 am, VanguardLH wrote:

    failure. Possibly the CMOS table was corrupt due to a weak battery, so
    that's been replaced. When CMOS was cleared, the computer booted okay,
    but the clear reset the BIOS back to Auto (JEDEC), the default, instead
    of using XMP. XMP is not the default, but it worked for a long time
    before when I changed to XMP.

    Now I have to ensure XMP is *not* enabled since none of the memory
    modules (3 originals, 1 warranty replacement) work with XMP, anymore. A
    slower memory clock with a bootable computer is far better than a
    computer that won't boot.

    That's really strange then for a motherboard suddenly lost XMP
    capability. Could it be overheating?

    I just dusted it out using air cans. I used ear swabs on the fan blades
    to dislodge the dust on those. Blew out the heatsinks. Blew out the
    PSU, and everywhere else inside. There are grills (pre-filters) in
    front of the case fans, so those were cleaned, too.

    There are numerous fans. CPU (with a large non-stock heatsink), 2 GPU,
    2 top case, 2 front case, 1 rear case, 2 PSU. The case has a removable
    cover on both sides, so I routed most cables underneath the mobo to
    provide good airflow through the case (i.e., no cables blocking
    airflow). BIOS doesn't show any hot temps. I use HD Sentinel Pro to
    monitor the drives, and warn if any get too hot.

    The memory modules have heatsinks. They come that way. All fans spin.
    If the CPU were overheating, the BIOS throttles it making the computer
    super slow, or shuts down the computer. Since I can get a setup that
    boots and loads Windows to run for days, nope, overheating not an issue.

    Plus, when testing, the computer hasn't ran long enough to even get
    warm. Remember when booting fails, like with the failed original module
    or with the warranty replacement that is also bad, that it gets stuck in
    a tight cycling that doesn't even let me go to BIOS settings. With XMP,
    boot is severely prolonged, and then the boot screen says defaults were
    used after many failed boot attempts.

    The first issue looks to be the CMOS battery. I went away for a week
    while the computer was powered down. I rarely power down the computer,
    and then for only a few minutes, or overnight. Typically I leave it
    running 24x7, and I don't use hibernate. When I got back, wouldn't
    boot. Eventually I pushed the CMOS reset button, and it booted enough
    to show errors which were resolved by removing the warranty replacement
    memory module, or going to 2 original sticks. Since have replaced the
    CMOS battery. However, won't be a while until the computer will get
    powered down for a long time again, like on a vacation.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From VanguardLH@3:633/10 to All on Saturday, December 20, 2025 12:57:20
    I used the Passmark version (memtest86.com) of memtest86 v11.5 (latest).
    That's the free version. The payware Pro version includes:

    - Advanced, module-specific RAM SPD reporting (including XMP, EXPO, EPP
    profiles).
    - Faulty DRAM module specification.

    The last feature would be handy to identify the faulty module, but the
    $55 price tag is to high for me, so I first test all memory to check for failures, and then, on failure, just yank out all of them to test one by
    one. I have a mid-size case, so the memory slots are not buried under a
    drive cage.

    I forgot why I passed on memtest86+ both now and in the past. Only
    vaguely recall something flaky about memtest86+. From:

    https://www.memtest86.com/compare.html

    Passmark discarded pre-UEFI support as of version 8. The older 4.3.7
    version is needed for pre-UEFI BIOS support, but then maybe it doesn't
    support later hardware.

    I started getting errors in backup verifications, and other programs,
    and there was some general flakiness in stability. At one point, I got
    a BSOD which mentioned illegal or out-of-bound memory addressing. Don't remember the error or stop code, but investigating led to possibly bad
    memory. I made sure all drivers were updated, but still occasionally
    got the BSOD with just Windows loaded. I also noticed my logs for the
    several of the last Macrium Reflect backups showed failures on the
    verification step. Windows memory tester failed (it reboots to run, not
    run within Windows), and so did memtest86. With 2, or more, modules it
    was unclear which module was failing, so I tested them one at a time. I
    did not test each one in each slot, just tested each one in A1. Later I
    could do the 1-module test moving to each slot to test each slot using memtest86.

    As you hint, I started to suspect there is something flawed with the
    mobo. Worked okay for 6 years, but aging can create instabilities.

    I'm using a video daughtercard (ATI Radeon RX 580) which gets some power
    from the PCI-e bus, but also directly from the PSU. The onboard video
    in the CPU is not used. I'd have to reboot into BIOS settings to check
    the advanced chipset settings, but I'm pretty sure Primary Graphics
    Adapter is set to PCI Express for the daughtercard. If no PCI-e
    graphics adapter were found, like it failed and got removed, the BIOS
    would fallback to the onboard video in the CPU.

    I have ran into motherboards that wouldn't boot if the first slot (A1)
    was unpopulated, but that was a long time ago. I thought that shouldn't
    be the case with this Asrock mobo, and why I tried their A2+B2 setup for 2-module dual-channel mode, but boot failed, so I had to go to A1+B1.

    With 3 sticks, and if 2 are dual-channel and the 3rd is single-channel,
    I can live with that. I'm not sure how I would detect a slow down of a
    process that happened to use memory from the 3rd single-channel stick.
    Just seems weird that Asrock says to use A2+B2 for a 2-stick dual-
    channel config, but that won't boot. I'll test that again since I
    might've been compounding the setup with XMP enabled. With all the
    possible configurations of 1, 2, 3, or 4 sticks, in which slot, with
    Auto or XMP, etc, I probably should've written down what configs got
    tested instead of trying to remember them all.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Mr. Man-wai Chang@3:633/10 to All on Monday, December 22, 2025 10:51:54
    On 21/12/2025 2:02 am, VanguardLH wrote:

    Plus, when testing, the computer hasn't ran long enough to even get
    warm. Remember when booting fails, like with the failed original module
    or with the warranty replacement that is also bad, that it gets stuck in
    a tight cycling that doesn't even let me go to BIOS settings. With XMP,
    boot is severely prolonged, and then the boot screen says defaults were
    used after many failed boot attempts.

    Once getting all memory modules working without XMP, you can overclock
    DDR4 manually by adjusting frequency and voltage in small steps. XMP is
    not the only way to overclock DDR4. But this method is more
    time-consuming than selecting XMP profiles, though you got finer control.

    Asrock Taichi 390 xmp fail - Google Serach <https://www.google.com/search?q=Asrock+Taichi+390+xmp+fail>

    Asrock Taichi 390 overclock ram - Google Search <https://www.google.com/search?q=Asrock+Taichi+390+overclock+ram>

    --
    @~@ Simplicity is Beauty! Remain silent! Drink, Blink, Stretch!
    / v \ May the Force and farces be with you! Live long and prosper!!
    /( _ )\ https://sites.google.com/site/changmw/
    ^ ^ https://github.com/changmw/changmw

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From VanguardLH@3:633/10 to All on Sunday, December 21, 2025 21:35:19
    "Mr. Man-wai Chang" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> wrote:

    VanguardLH wrote:

    Plus, when testing, the computer hasn't ran long enough to even get
    warm. Remember when booting fails, like with the failed original module
    or with the warranty replacement that is also bad, that it gets stuck in
    a tight cycling that doesn't even let me go to BIOS settings. With XMP,
    boot is severely prolonged, and then the boot screen says defaults were
    used after many failed boot attempts.

    Once getting all memory modules working without XMP, you can overclock
    DDR4 manually by adjusting frequency and voltage in small steps. XMP is
    not the only way to overclock DDR4. But this method is more
    time-consuming than selecting XMP profiles, though you got finer control.

    Asrock Taichi 390 xmp fail - Google Serach <https://www.google.com/search?q=Asrock+Taichi+390+xmp+fail>

    Asrock Taichi 390 overclock ram - Google Search <https://www.google.com/search?q=Asrock+Taichi+390+overclock+ram>

    While the mobo I got has lots of overclock tweaking, I have no interest
    in overclocking. XMP is overclocking, but with the manufacturer
    claiming their specified overclocks are okay for stability. I got the
    mobo for all its other features. I much prefer a stable computer than a minimally faster one. Not interested in getting a few more FPS out of
    video games, especially since I don't play any demanding video games.

    I'll be testing again later while ensuring XMP is disabled. Other than
    picking XMP (which selects an XMP 2.0 profile, the only one), I'll make
    sure it is set to Auto which apparently has the BIOS use the SPD
    reported by the memory modules (i.e., their rated specs without XMP).

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Mr. Man-wai Chang@3:633/10 to All on Monday, December 22, 2025 22:24:19
    On 22/12/2025 11:35 am, VanguardLH wrote:

    I'll be testing again later while ensuring XMP is disabled. Other than picking XMP (which selects an XMP 2.0 profile, the only one), I'll make
    sure it is set to Auto which apparently has the BIOS use the SPD
    reported by the memory modules (i.e., their rated specs without XMP).


    Just wanna remind you of the good, old way of overclocking. You do NOT
    have to rely on XMP.

    --
    @~@ Simplicity is Beauty! Remain silent! Drink, Blink, Stretch!
    / v \ May the Force and farces be with you! Live long and prosper!!
    /( _ )\ https://sites.google.com/site/changmw/
    ^ ^ https://github.com/changmw/changmw

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Paul@3:633/10 to All on Monday, December 22, 2025 11:56:35
    On Mon, 12/22/2025 9:24 AM, Mr. Man-wai Chang wrote:
    On 22/12/2025 11:35 am, VanguardLH wrote:

    I'll be testing again later while ensuring XMP is disabled.ÿ Other than
    picking XMP (which selects an XMP 2.0 profile, the only one), I'll make
    sure it is set to Auto which apparently has the BIOS use the SPD
    reported by the memory modules (i.e., their rated specs without XMP).


    Just wanna remind you of the good, old way of overclocking. You do NOT have to rely on XMP.


    I do not know if "good" is the right word for it.

    The last time I did this on the 4930K, it took a *week*
    to tune it. Each Memtest takes two hours, depending on how
    close it is to being the correct settings.

    I would not class the exercise as "exciting" or "satisfying".
    It's dog work.

    My DDR3-2400, when I was finished it was at DDR3-1866.

    4 sticks XMP DDR3-2400 (settings as on the box)
    8 sticks no-XMP DDR3-1866 (pretty close to the JEDEC values)
    (No excessive VDimm boost)

    That's a four channel machine (the extra channels largely being
    a waste). All that the extra channels do, is allow a higher
    total RAM capacity on the machine. The four channels do not read
    at the same time, for example. It responds as if it was a dual channel machine. But that's not why I bought it. I bought it for (2) x16 real slots for PCIe.
    A slot for a video card. A slot for "toys" to be added. For example, you
    could fit an NVMe RAID in the second slot (no, I'm not doing that!).

    Paul


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From VanguardLH@3:633/10 to All on Monday, December 22, 2025 13:55:51
    Paul <nospam@needed.invalid> wrote:

    On Mon, 12/22/2025 9:24 AM, Mr. Man-wai Chang wrote:
    On 22/12/2025 11:35 am, VanguardLH wrote:

    I'll be testing again later while ensuring XMP is disabled.ÿ Other than
    picking XMP (which selects an XMP 2.0 profile, the only one), I'll make
    sure it is set to Auto which apparently has the BIOS use the SPD
    reported by the memory modules (i.e., their rated specs without XMP).

    Just wanna remind you of the good, old way of overclocking. You do NOT have to rely on XMP.


    I do not know if "good" is the right word for it.

    The last time I did this on the 4930K, it took a *week*
    to tune it. Each Memtest takes two hours, depending on how
    close it is to being the correct settings.

    I would not class the exercise as "exciting" or "satisfying".
    It's dog work.

    My DDR3-2400, when I was finished it was at DDR3-1866.

    4 sticks XMP DDR3-2400 (settings as on the box)
    8 sticks no-XMP DDR3-1866 (pretty close to the JEDEC values)
    (No excessive VDimm boost)

    That's a four channel machine (the extra channels largely being
    a waste). All that the extra channels do, is allow a higher
    total RAM capacity on the machine. The four channels do not read
    at the same time, for example. It responds as if it was a dual channel machine.
    But that's not why I bought it. I bought it for (2) x16 real slots for PCIe. A slot for a video card. A slot for "toys" to be added. For example, you could fit an NVMe RAID in the second slot (no, I'm not doing that!).

    Paul

    At this point, I'll either ensure the BIOS is set to Auto, and *not* to
    XMP, to see if I get all 4 modules working by passing memtest96, and
    watching for errors in programs, like when Macrium Reflect was failing
    the verification step for backups. If there is a problem with all 4,
    I'll trying upping the DRAM voltage, but only if the increment is small.
    Else, I'll drop to 2 sticks, and retest the A2+B2 setup, or go with
    A1+B1 if A2+B2 doesn't work. I'll drop from 64 GB with all 4, down from
    48 GB with 3, to 32 GB with 2, but I still have gobs of RAM remaining.
    Really wants lots more for when allocating some to active VMs.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Mr. Man-wai Chang@3:633/10 to All on Tuesday, December 23, 2025 17:47:46
    On 23/12/2025 3:55 am, VanguardLH wrote:


    At this point, I'll either ensure the BIOS is set to Auto, and *not* to
    XMP, to see if I get all 4 modules working by passing memtest96, and
    watching for errors in programs, like when Macrium Reflect was failing
    the verification step for backups....

    What exactly are your G.Skill DDR4 rated?

    The DDR4-3200 (XMP) I bought have a baseline frequence of 2400MHz. Yours (2133MHz) are definitely a bit slow.

    --
    @~@ Simplicity is Beauty! Remain silent! Drink, Blink, Stretch!
    / v \ May the Force and farces be with you! Live long and prosper!!
    /( _ )\ https://sites.google.com/site/changmw/
    ^ ^ https://github.com/changmw/changmw

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Mr. Man-wai Chang@3:633/10 to All on Tuesday, December 23, 2025 17:51:27
    On 23/12/2025 5:47 pm, Mr. Man-wai Chang wrote:
    On 23/12/2025 3:55 am, VanguardLH wrote:


    At this point, I'll either ensure the BIOS is set to Auto, and *not* to
    XMP, to see if I get all 4 modules working by passing memtest96, and
    watching for errors in programs, like when Macrium Reflect was failing
    the verification step for backups....

    What exactly are your G.Skill DDR4 rated?

    The DDR4-3200 (XMP) I bought have a baseline frequence of 2400MHz. Yours (2133MHz) are definitely a bit slow.

    Sorry, missed the link you posted!! Shouldn't they have a baseline speed
    of 2400MHz?

    G.SKILL Ripjaws V Series 64GB (4 x 16GB) 288-Pin PC RAM DDR4 3200 (PC4
    25600) Desktop Memory Model F4-3200C16Q-64GVK <https://www.newegg.com/g-skill-ripjaws-v-series-64gb-ddr4-3200-cas-latency-cl16-desktop-memory-black/p/N82E16820232092?Item=N82E16820232092>

    --
    @~@ Simplicity is Beauty! Remain silent! Drink, Blink, Stretch!
    / v \ May the Force and farces be with you! Live long and prosper!!
    /( _ )\ https://sites.google.com/site/changmw/
    ^ ^ https://github.com/changmw/changmw

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From VanguardLH@3:633/10 to All on Tuesday, December 23, 2025 04:16:55
    "Mr. Man-wai Chang" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> wrote:

    Mr. Man-wai Chang wrote:

    VanguardLH wrote:

    At this point, I'll either ensure the BIOS is set to Auto, and *not*
    to XMP, to see if I get all 4 modules working by passing memtest96,
    and watching for errors in programs, like when Macrium Reflect was
    failing the verification step for backups....

    What exactly are your G.Skill DDR4 rated?

    The DDR4-3200 (XMP) I bought have a baseline frequence of 2400MHz.
    Yours (2133MHz) are definitely a bit slow.

    If I could use the XMP 2.0 profile, the modules are spec'ed at 3200 MHz
    (1600 x 2). So far when enabled, the XMP profile is causing boot
    failure. Could be the voltage regulators are aged, and I might have to
    bump up the DRAM voltage, but I would prefer not monkeying with any overclocking and overvolting except if XMP worked.

    Sorry, missed the link you posted!! Shouldn't they have a baseline speed
    of 2400MHz?

    G.SKILL Ripjaws V Series 64GB (4 x 16GB) 288-Pin PC RAM DDR4 3200 (PC4 25600) Desktop Memory Model F4-3200C16Q-64GVK <https://www.newegg.com/g-skill-ripjaws-v-series-64gb-ddr4-3200-cas-latency-cl16-desktop-memory-black/p/N82E16820232092?Item=N82E16820232092>

    As I recall, when I pick Auto (the default when the mobo was delivered,
    and after the CMOS reset), the target DRAM clock is 1066 MHz (doubled to
    2133 with dual-channel). From a prior post, CPU-Z reported the same
    values for each selected memory module:

    Slot 1: DDR4 (UDIMM) Module size: 16 GB
    Bandwidth: DDR4-3200 (1600MHz) SPD: XMP 2.0
    Timings table:
    Shows different frequencies for:
    JEDEC #5: 1033 MHz (CAS 14.0)
    JEDEC #6: 1066 MHz (CAS 15.0)
    JEDEC #7: 1066 MHz (CAS 16.0)
    XMP-3200: 3200 MHz (CAS 16.0)

    The G.Skill product page is at:

    https://www.gskill.com/product/165/184/1536139226/F4-3200C16Q-64GVK

    The specs section says the SPD Speed (Default) is 2133. Well, that's
    1066 x 2. If the modules are in dual-channel mode, baseline would be
    1066 x 2, or 2133. If not dual-channeled, just 1066, and my concern
    regarding the current setup with 3 sticks. According to Paul and his
    mention of Flex memory, 2 sticks might be in dual-channel mode, but the
    3rd is single-channeled. If I can't get all 4 sticks working with a
    stable boot and subsequent operation, I'll down to 2 sticks to ensure
    all memory is dual-channeled.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Paul@3:633/10 to All on Tuesday, December 23, 2025 12:24:34
    On Tue, 12/23/2025 4:51 AM, Mr. Man-wai Chang wrote:
    On 23/12/2025 5:47 pm, Mr. Man-wai Chang wrote:
    On 23/12/2025 3:55 am, VanguardLH wrote:


    At this point, I'll either ensure the BIOS is set to Auto, and *not* to
    XMP, to see if I get all 4 modules working by passing memtest96, and
    watching for errors in programs, like when Macrium Reflect was failing
    the verification step for backups....

    What exactly are your G.Skill DDR4 rated?

    The DDR4-3200 (XMP) I bought have a baseline frequence of 2400MHz. Yours
    (2133MHz) are definitely a bit slow.

    Sorry, missed the link you posted!! Shouldn't they have a baseline speed of 2400MHz?

    G.SKILL Ripjaws V Series 64GB (4 x 16GB) 288-Pin PC RAM DDR4 3200 (PC4 25600) Desktop Memory Model F4-3200C16Q-64GVK
    <https://www.newegg.com/g-skill-ripjaws-v-series-64gb-ddr4-3200-cas-latency-cl16-desktop-memory-black/p/N82E16820232092?Item=N82E16820232092>


    They're the same as the ones I've got.

    2133 as slowest JEDEC.
    3200 as XMP rate DDR4-3200 (1600MHz)

    Paul

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Mr. Man-wai Chang@3:633/10 to All on Saturday, January 17, 2026 23:56:33
    On 24/12/2025 1:24 am, Paul wrote:

    They're the same as the ones I've got.

    2133 as slowest JEDEC.
    3200 as XMP rate DDR4-3200 (1600MHz)

    Late reply:

    I checked my DDR4-3200 moduels. Their JEDEC (#8) is rated 2400, as
    reported by CPU-Z, if I didn't misunderstand what you called "slowest
    JEDEC".

    Following is the relevant section from CPU-Z:

    DIMM # 1
    SMBus address 0x50
    Memory type DDR4
    Module format UDIMM
    .....
    Size 8192 MBytes
    Max bandwidth DDR4-3200 (1600 MHz)
    Max JEDEC DDR4-2400 (1200 MHz)
    ....
    Nominal Voltage 1.20 Volts
    ....
    JEDEC timings table CL-tRCD-tRP-tRAS-tRC @ frequency
    JEDEC #1 9.0-9-9-22-31 @ 666 MHz
    JEDEC #2 10.0-11-11-25-35 @ 766 MHz
    JEDEC #3 11.0-12-12-27-38 @ 833 MHz
    JEDEC #4 12.0-12-12-29-41 @ 900 MHz
    JEDEC #5 13.0-13-13-31-44 @ 966 MHz
    JEDEC #6 14.0-15-15-35-49 @ 1066 MHz
    JEDEC #7 15.0-16-16-37-52 @ 1133 MHz
    JEDEC #8 16.0-16-16-39-55 @ 1200 MHz
    JEDEC #9 18.0-16-16-39-55 @ 1200 MHz
    JEDEC #10 20.0-16-16-39-55 @ 1200 MHz
    XMP profile XMP-3200
    Specification DDR4-3200
    VDD Voltage 1.350 Volts
    .....

    --
    @~@ Simplicity is Beauty! Remain silent! Drink, Blink, Stretch!
    / v \ May the Force and farces be with you! Live long and prosper!!
    /( _ )\ https://sites.google.com/site/changmw/
    ^ ^ https://github.com/changmw/changmw

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Paul@3:633/10 to All on Saturday, January 17, 2026 14:04:43
    On Sat, 1/17/2026 10:56 AM, Mr. Man-wai Chang wrote:
    On 24/12/2025 1:24 am, Paul wrote:

    They're the same as the ones I've got.

    2133 as slowest JEDEC.
    3200 as XMP rateÿÿÿÿÿÿ DDR4-3200 (1600MHz)

    Late reply:

    I checked my DDR4-3200 moduels. Their JEDEC (#8) is rated 2400, as reported by CPU-Z, if I didn't misunderstand what you called "slowest JEDEC".

    Following is the relevant section from CPU-Z:

    DIMM #ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 1
    ÿÿÿÿSMBus addressÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 0x50
    ÿÿÿÿMemory typeÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ DDR4
    ÿÿÿÿModule formatÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ UDIMM
    ÿÿÿÿ.....
    ÿÿÿÿSizeÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 8192 MBytes
    ÿÿÿÿMax bandwidthÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ DDR4-3200 (1600 MHz)
    ÿÿÿÿMax JEDECÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ DDR4-2400 (1200 MHz)
    ÿÿÿÿ....
    ÿÿÿÿNominal Voltageÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 1.20 Volts
    ÿÿÿÿ....
    JEDEC timings tableÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ CL-tRCD-tRP-tRAS-tRC @ frequency
    ÿÿÿÿJEDEC #1ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 9.0-9-9-22-31 @ 666 MHz
    ÿÿÿÿJEDEC #2ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 10.0-11-11-25-35 @ 766 MHz
    ÿÿÿÿJEDEC #3ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 11.0-12-12-27-38 @ 833 MHz
    ÿÿÿÿJEDEC #4ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 12.0-12-12-29-41 @ 900 MHz
    ÿÿÿÿJEDEC #5ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 13.0-13-13-31-44 @ 966 MHz
    ÿÿÿÿJEDEC #6ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 14.0-15-15-35-49 @ 1066 MHz
    ÿÿÿÿJEDEC #7ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 15.0-16-16-37-52 @ 1133 MHz
    ÿÿÿÿJEDEC #8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 16.0-16-16-39-55 @ 1200 MHz
    ÿÿÿÿJEDEC #9ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 18.0-16-16-39-55 @ 1200 MHz
    ÿÿÿÿJEDEC #10ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 20.0-16-16-39-55 @ 1200 MHz
    XMP profileÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ XMP-3200
    ÿÿÿÿSpecificationÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ DDR4-3200
    ÿÿÿÿVDD Voltageÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 1.350 Volts
    ÿÿÿÿ.....


    Try the following mental experiment.

    1) Turn off XMP.
    2) Allow the BIOS to restart.
    3) What was the selected clock rate ?

    Answer: It's not 666MHz, that is for sure.
    In your table, "Auto" selecting JEDEC #6 is more likely.
    And the selection of that value, is a manifest constant in the BIOS code.
    Manifest values are determined for each generation of RAM.
    If I compared an Asus, a Gigabyte, an MSI, they should all use 1066/2133.
    Part of the reason for "agreement", is Award and Insyde and the rest, set this.

    As an example, DDR3 had "two generations", a slow and a fast generation.
    The preferred clock for each, is different.

    You can compute the values you want, for any value of CAS.
    The BIOS does this when calculating any intermediate result needed.
    When the BIOS sets the timing parameters, it is the equations
    the BIOS uses, that have the final say on any "interpolated" values.
    For example, if the user selected "CAS19" which is not in the table,
    the BIOS has no problem using the equations for this, to work out
    all necessary values.

    But in terms of what speed is set by JEDEC, that speed
    is what the module starts at. 1066 ("2133") is an example
    of a typical setting. That seems to be the JEDEC rating of the module,
    the slow one that the BIOS uses at first startup with brand new
    RAM. The equipment uses the conservative rating, to make sure the
    BIOS starts. Any other value the user wants to select, the user
    has the option of using Clear_CMOS if the setting selected
    was too aggressive and the motherboard did not recover.

    The BIOS does not select 666MHz because that would be silly.

    The PLL on the RAM, seems to extend reasonably far in frequency.
    It does not constrain the RAM particularly. When it comes to
    Tsu and Th, there would be limits as to how many ticks
    the chip supports for controlling setup and hold time.
    The delay might be implemented with inverters for example.
    And as the frequency drops, it takes more and more inverters
    to support that. That is why any computed values do not drop
    too low. Any aspect of operation that requires phase correction
    (the calibration of the strobe done when the RAM is being
    set up by the BIOS), could be using inverters as basic timing
    elements. They can have delays of around 100ps or so.

    The operation of DRAM, is not particularly affected by the
    choice of clock frequency. But the essential functions must
    still be supported. The RAM has to do Refresh cycles, and
    the combination of Refresh and Read/Write cycles must be
    "multiplexed" for the RAM to function. Your CPU may have to
    wait an additional cycle, for the Refresh to finish.

    Because the CAS delay is fixed, once a cycle starts, it is
    expected to finish. While the RAM has some pretty fancy functions,
    the CPU does not use all of them. And the state of the documentation,
    makes it a bit harder to understand how it all works.

    Paul


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)